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| changes in inherited characteristics of a species over time |
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| a group of organisms that share similar characteristics and can reproduce among themselves |
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-acquired characteristics
-not supported by evidence |
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-through studying finches figured out natural selection
-first to realize that we need to look at traits of a population over time (population genetics) |
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| organisms with traits best suited to their environment will more likely survive and reproduce |
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| an inherited trait that makes an individual different from other members of its species |
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| a variation that makes an organism better suited for its environment |
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| can make two populations so different that they become different species |
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| describes evolution as a slow, ongoing process |
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| model says that gene mutation can result in a new species in a relatively short time |
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-found in sedimentary rock
-show evidence that living things evolved |
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| looks at fossil location in a particular layer of rock, older rock layers are under new rock layers |
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| compares the amount of radioactive element with the amount of nonradioactive element in a rock |
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| why might fossil records not be accurate? |
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| -most organisms do not become fossils |
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-type of indirect evident supporting evolution
-study of embryos and their development, shows similarities among all vertebrate species |
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-type of indirect evident supporting evolution
-body parts can indicate that 2 or more species share common ancestors
-construction is similar but purpose is different |
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-type of indirect evident supporting evolution
-structures that don't seem to have a function but might have once functioned in an ancestor |
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| DNA (-type of indirect evident supporting evolution) |
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Definition
| -can provide how closely related organisms are |
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| A. Genetic drift (changing allelic frequencies) |
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Definition
-any change in allelic frequencies that is due to chance
-2 types |
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| small percent of population migrate away and become a new population |
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| a population declines to a very low number and then rebounds |
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| A. Migration (changing allelic frequencies) |
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| creates a constant gene flow between populations |
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| A. Genetic mutations (changing allelic frequencies) |
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Definition
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| A. Natural Selection (changing allelic frequencies) |
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Definition
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| A. Sexual Selection (changing allelic frequencies) |
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| -Average genotype becomes the norm |
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| Extreme genotypes are favored |
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| having different homelands (caused by genetic drift) |
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| same homeland but form a sub-population in the same area as the original population |
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| same purpose and construction, not the same ancestor |
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| one species gives rise to many species in response to the creation of a new habitat or another ecological opportunity |
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| 2 different species share a close relationship but as one species evolves it affects the evolution of other species |
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| group of mammals characterized by opposable thumbs, binocular vision and flexible shoulders |
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-small brains
-monkey-like arms
-ability to walk upright on 2 feet
-plant eaters
-found in africa |
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-used tools, larger brain
-stone age-- africa |
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-more sophisticated tools
-traveled from Africa to Europe and Asia
-size of modern humans
-language
-hunt and gather |
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-modern humans
2 groups: 1st: Neanderthals:Europe, short, stocky and powerful
2nd:Cro-Magnon: MODERN MAN |
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