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Evolution
Review
44
Biology
9th Grade
03/20/2012

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Term
stabilizing selection
Definition
makes average more common and extreme more rare
Term
directional selection
Definition
one of 2 extremes gets more common
Term
disruptive selection
Definition
extremes become common and avg is eliminated
Term
allopatric speciation
Definition
isolation
Term
pre-zygotic speciation
Definition
don't recognize species as their own when reproduce
Term
postzygotic
Definition
unsuccessful reproduction
Term
Wallace
Definition
came up with theory before Darwin
Term
causes of evolution
Definition
non random mating, mutation, genetic drift, natural selection
Term
species
Definition
population that doesn't naturally interbreed with other population
Term
divergent
Definition
species becoming more different over time
Term
divergent causes
Definition
physical isolation or social isolation
Term
convergent
Definition
2 unrelated species becoming more alike
Term
causes of convergent
Definition
competing for same resources but will never become same species
Term
parallel species
Definition
similar but not competing
Term
coevolution
Definition
2 organisms adapting to eachother
Term
adaptive radiation
Definition
species diverge from large group of organisms
Term
artificial selection
Definition
human driven evolution
Term
descent with modification
Definition
newer things you see aren't really new just old things modified(Lamarck)
Term
modification by natural selection
Definition
all populations have ability to grow but nature limits growth (malthus population)
Term
adaptive advantage
Definition
any trait that improves reproductive success
Term
fitness
Definition
organisms contribution to next generation
Term
gradualism
Definition
evolution over long period of time
Term
punctuated equilibrium
Definition
evolution by rapid change followed by long periods of nothing
Term
homologous structures
Definition
structures on diff. organisms with common ancestor but have different usage
Term
analogous structure
Definition
same function but no common ancestor
Term
vestigial structure
Definition
structure with little/no usage
Term
Lamarck
Definition
theory of acquired traits
Term
theory of acquired traits
Definition
if organism needs new body part they'd grow it, offspring would keep body part
Term
Thomas Malthus
Definition
principle of population
Term
principle of population
Definition
people have more offspring than they can support, larger population more can reproduce, living space and food supply will cause competition
Term
theory of catastrophe
Definition
occur during natural disaster
Term
theory of uniformity
Definition
slow but change
Term
George Cuvier
Definition
theory of catastrophism
Term
Charles Lyell
Definition
theory of uniformity
Term
redi
Definition
tried to prove flies come from flies
Term
spallazani
Definition
proved you can kill organisms in boiling conditions
Term
Pasteur
Definition
added curved top to spallazanis experiment
Term
Oparin
Definition
Earths atmosphere first formed by volcanic activity
Term
Miller and Urey
Definition
proved gasses could produce organic compounds
Term
microsphere
Definition
first membranes
Term
zircons
Definition
microscopic crystals that form in rock
Term
radioactive decay
Definition
rate neutrons ejected from nucleus
Term
half-life
Definition
amount of time for 1/2 isotopes to lose neutrons
Term
isotope
Definition
atom with unusual amount of neutrons
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