Term
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Definition
| the process of change in a population’s genetic makeup |
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Term
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Definition
| The living world is neither constant nor perpetually cycling, but is always changing |
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Definition
| All forms of life descended from a common ancestor through a branching of lineages |
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Term
| ) Multiplication of species |
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Definition
| The evolutionary process produces new species by splitting and transforming older ones |
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Term
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Definition
| The large differences in anatomical traits that characterize species originate by accumulation of many small incremental changes over very long period of time. |
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Definition
| Populations accumulate favorable characteristics (adaptations) throughout long periods of time |
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Definition
| genetic changes within a population |
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Term
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Definition
| origin of new organismal structures, evolutionary trends, relationship of species |
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Term
| Natural Selection- Observation 1: |
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Definition
| Organisms have a great potential fertility. (Most organisms have many, many more offspring than could possibly survive) |
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Term
| Natural Selection- Observation 2: |
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Definition
| Natural populations normally remain constant in size (#’s of indiv), except for minor fluctuations, yet they have the reproductive capacity for exponential growth |
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Term
| Natural Selection-Observation 3: |
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Definition
| Natural resources are limited, resources such as food and habitat are finite |
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Term
| Natural Selection- Observation 3-Inference 1: |
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Definition
| There exists a continuing struggle for existence among members of a population |
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Term
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Definition
| All organisms show variation |
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Definition
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Term
| Natural Selection- Obsevation 5 Inference 2: |
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Definition
| There is differential survival and reproduction among organisms in a population |
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Term
| Natural Selection- Observation 5 Inference 3: |
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Definition
| Over many generations, differential survival and reproduction generate new adaptations and new species |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic exchange due to migration between populations |
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Term
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Definition
| tends to reduce differences between populations |
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Term
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Definition
| Often individuals with certain genotypes mate more than others |
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Term
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Definition
| phenotypically similar individuals mate |
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Term
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Definition
| meet in bar get knocked up |
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Term
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Definition
| go out looking for someone similar or possessing the characteristics they want |
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Term
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Definition
| mate with someone who is opposite of self |
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Term
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Definition
| phenotypically different individuals mate |
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Term
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Definition
| a change in a population’s allele frequencies due to chance |
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Term
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Definition
| only dramatically affects populations with a very small size |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden and drastic reduction in population size often due to natural disasters |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased genetic diversity due to a few number of individuals colonizing a new/isolated location |
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Term
Founder Effect
Polydactyly -- |
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Definition
| extra fingers or sometimes toes |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which some organisms leave behind more offspring than others due to their phenotype and/or behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| a breeder selects for the desired characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| environmental conditions determine which individuals produce the most offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| natural selection and evolution are not the same thing |
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Term
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Definition
| outcome of natural selection |
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Term
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Definition
the number of surviving offspring left in the next generation
- Used to quantify reproductive success
- It is a combination of mating success and survival |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of population who have the ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
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Term
| cause changes in gene frequency |
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Definition
-mutation
-gene flow
-nonrandom mating
-genetic drift
-selection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| perserved remains of once living organisms |
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Term
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Definition
-organisms must become burried in sediment
-calcium bones and other hard tissues must mineralize
-surrounding sedement must eventually harden to form rock |
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Term
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Definition
| rocks are dated by their relative position to each other |
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Term
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Definition
| rocks dated based on radioactive decay, usualy using uranium-238 or carbon-14 |
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Term
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Definition
| structures with different appearances and functions that derived from the same body part in a common ancester |
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Term
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Definition
-homologous structures
-natural selection modified dif. structures to serve dif purposes
- forelimbs of dif. mammals |
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Term
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Definition
have no apparent function but resemble structures found in ancestors
ex. pelvic bones in whales and some snakes, appendix in humans |
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Term
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Definition
| -populations of organisms whose members cannot or do not mate with each other |
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Term
| reproductive isolating mechanisms |
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Definition
| barriers that prevent genetic exchange |
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Term
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Definition
| prevent the formation of zygotes |
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Term
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Definition
| prevent proper functioning of zygotes after they form |
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Term
| ecological habitat isolation |
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Definition
| 2 organisms use differant habitats even in same geographic area are unlikely to encounter each other to attempt mating |
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Term
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Definition
| use certain behaviors or courtships to attract mates |
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Term
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Definition
| species mate at different times so cannot produce gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| cannot mate due to anatomical incompatibility |
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Term
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Definition
| revised version of Darwinian Evolutionary theory |
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Term
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Definition
continas added:
- chromosomal theory of inheritance
- info from population genetics, paleontology, and biogeography, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| study of properties of genes in populaton; emphasizes extensive genetic variation within a population |
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Term
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Definition
| localized group of individuals belonging to the same species |
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Term
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Definition
| total aggregate of genes in a population at any one time |
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Term
| Agents of evolutionary change |
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Definition
| mutation, gene flow, nonrandom mating, genetic drift, selection |
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Term
| science areas that provide evolutionary evidence |
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Definition
| anatomy, molecular biology, biogeography |
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Term
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Definition
finches whose beaks vary due to diet;
guppies whose colors vary due to predators |
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Term
| Processes that lead to speciation |
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Definition
| Geographic Isolation, Ecological Isolation, Temporal Isolation, Behavioral Isolation, Prevention of Gamete fusion, Hybrid infertility |
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