Term
|
Definition
A process of Natural Selection
Mutations provide new alleles that lead to variation and it is this variation that allows for the survival of the fittest. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The members of a population have heritable variations
In a population, many more individuals are produced each generation than can survive and reproduce
Some individuals have adaptive characteristics that enable them to survive and reproduce better than do other individuals
An increasing proportion of individuals in succeeding generations have the adaptive characteristics
The result of natural selection is a population adapted to its local environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Physical traits that you get during your life that cannot be passed on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Three Points of Evidence:
Geology and Fossils
Biogeographical Separatoin or Biogeography
Anatomical Similarities
Collected specimens as evidence
Theory of evolution by natural selection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Was correct in saying that evolution occurs, but incorrect in saying that it occured by acquired characteristics
Set the stage for Darwin by changing society's views |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A way to measure a shift of allele frequencies in a population
States that the frequencies of the alleles should remain constant if there is no evolution occuring
p^2+2pq+q^2=1, p+q=1
No mutations, no gene flow, random mating, no genetic drift, no selection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The movement of alleles from one population to another owing to the migration of individual organisms
Effects:
1) advantageous alleles spread throughout a species
2) helps maintain all of the organisms over a large area as one species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
When chance events change allele frequencies (mostly in small populations)
Only certain members of the population survive to reproduce and pass on their genes
1) tends to reduce genetic variability in small populations
2) tends to increase genetic variability between populations
Bottleneck & Founder Effect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Is usually due to some kind of catastrophe that drastically reduces the size of the population. Thus, the continuation of the genes are the responsibility of just a few individuals, and gentic variability is reduced.
ex. Elephants seal (hunted, only 1 male left to reproduce) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
When a small colony is founded by a small number of organisms. Rare alleles occur at a higher frequency because founding individuals contain only a fraction of the genetic diversity in a gene pool, and which alleles the founders carry is dictated by chance alone.
ex. Amish (two original had rare allele reproduced and passed on and have no variation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
When organisms mate with individuals who look similar to themselves
Ex. Snow geese (Ones with blue plumage mate with other blue ones and the same happens with the white. Two separate species are created because there is no interbreeding) |
|
|
