Term
| When were D's ideas limited in progression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who developed germ plasm theory? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what ideas finally gave D credence? |
|
Definition
1. germ plasm theory (recognizing sex cells)
2. mendelian genetics |
|
|
Term
| what are the main components of germ plasm theory? |
|
Definition
1. gametes and somatic cells are separate
2. sperm and ova represent separate reproductive cells |
|
|
Term
| where did Mendel present his lectures? |
|
Definition
| Natural History Society at Brunn in Moravia |
|
|
Term
| How did Mendels work align with D's ideas? |
|
Definition
| Mendel demonstrated particulate inheritance of traits that D had described. they just didn't know that the particles were genes. |
|
|
Term
| what is this "evolution of continuous traits occurs by slow gradual and cumulative changes" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the second part to D's gradualism? |
|
Definition
| discontinuous/discrete traits are unimportant (color) |
|
|
Term
| when was mendels work discovered? what did this discovery do to D's work? |
|
Definition
1900
it kind of discredited the second half of D's gradualism theory. It showed that inheretance was discrete (even color) |
|
|
Term
| what were the two points of the mendalians? |
|
Definition
1. continuous trait variation was non-genetic and therefore unimportant
2. evolution occurred by major genetic and phenotypic changes called macromutations. |
|
|
Term
| describe what macroevolutions are as described by mendalians |
|
Definition
| a sp will have a big mutation, or a bunch of mutations at once that make it more fit. this then becomes a new phenotype passed on to the next generation. |
|
|
Term
| what was goldschmidt's main points. what did he write? |
|
Definition
he wrote: the material basis for evolution.
he said: 1. genotypes were too highly integrated to evolve slowly (one gene change would disrupt the whole thing) 2. new species do not arise from local varieties (entire genotypes mutate to create a new species) |
|
|
Term
| what term did goldschmidt use to describe the mutation of a whole genome? what did he do to try to prove his theory? |
|
Definition
| he called them systematic mutations and he spent years breeding moths waiting to produce a new species. |
|
|
Term
| besides goldschmidt, who are two other medelains? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who was the most prominent biometrician? What did he say? what did this do for darwin's ideas? |
|
Definition
| Karl Pearson said: quantitative changes with a genetic basis can occur in a trait. his theory supported D's population control ideas. |
|
|
Term
| who helped demonstrate "hidden" continuous variation in drosophila? |
|
Definition
| chetverikov et dobzhansky |
|
|
Term
| what test did pearson create? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who created the f-test? what's it used for? what else did he say? |
|
Definition
| fisher. used for comparing 3+ means. he demonstrated theoretically that a quantitative thrait is a product of several small genes that obey Mendelian genetics. |
|
|
Term
| who ultimately bridged the gap between mendalians and D/biometrics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the main point of the neo-Darwins? who was the main neo-darwin? |
|
Definition
a formalization of the compatibility of Mendelian genetics and evolution by NS.
fischer. |
|
|
Term
| who actually developed a mathematical theory of NS and gene frequency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when was the neo Darwin period? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who developed the theory of genetic drift and gene flow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what did Haldane, Dobzhansky, fischer write and what did they say. Quick summary. |
|
Definition
1. Haldane: "The Causes of Evo." Developed a mathematical theory to NS and gene frequency
2. Dobzhansky: ("Genetics and the Origin of Species"). A synthesis of genetic principle in population and species.
3. Fischer:("genetic theory of NS") first to combine mendelian genetics and NS |
|
|
Term
| what did mayr write, what did it describe? |
|
Definition
"systematics and the origin of spp"
described geographic variation and speciation. |
|
|
Term
| who wrote about the tempo of spp? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how did the thinking of paleontologists conflict with simpson? |
|
Definition
| they often thought that evolution was orthogenetic (goal oreinted and directed by an intrinsic force). They often put fossils in linear order. Simpson demonstrated however that the fossil record was more compatible with darwins branching evolution. |
|
|
Term
| what did Huxley do for this crazy ass field? |
|
Definition
he compiled the works of dob, fish, hal, mayr, simpson etc.
he wrote "evolution: the modern synthesis" |
|
|
Term
| what are the 5 tenets of neo-d? |
|
Definition
1. genetic variation arises by: mutation and recombination of nonsister homologs
2. changes in allele freq. result from NS or genetic drift
3. adaptive changes in continuous traits are gradual
4. speciation occurs by gradual cumulative genetic change among geographically isolated pops.
5. the phylogeny of orgs is a result of repeated subdivisions of populations |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for the 5th tenet of neo-d? |
|
Definition
| the principle of divergence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a branching depiction of the geneological relationships among spp and spp groups. |
|
|
Term
| what do the internodes of a phylogenetic tree represent? |
|
Definition
| a hypothetical common ancestor. |
|
|
