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| change in the gene pool over time |
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| the best scientific explanation for a phenomenon |
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| descriptive statement made from experiments, observations, and studies (describe phenomenons) |
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| educated guess in if-then form |
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| selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms |
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| process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest |
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| HMS (Her Majesty's Ship) Beagle |
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| Guiding Principles of Evolution |
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* Individual organisms differ, and some of this variation is heritable.
* Organisms produce more offspring than can survive, and many that do survive do not reproduce.
* Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for limited resources.
* Each unique organism has different advantages and disadvantages in the struggle for existence. Individuals best suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. These organisms pass their heritable traits to their offspring. Other individuals die or leave fewer offspring. This process of natural selection causes species to change over time.
* Species alive today are descended with modification from ancestral species that lived in the distant past. This process, by which diverse species evolved from common ancestors, unites all organisms on Earth into a single tree of life. |
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| ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment |
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| inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival |
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| organ that serves no useful function in an organism |
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| the combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population (all the different traits of a breeding population) |
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| the number of times a gene shows up in the gene pool (expressed as a decimal) |
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| Sources of Natural Genetic Variety |
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| Mutations & Genetic Shuffling--(crossing over in prophase I) |
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| a random change to the gene pool that has nothing to do with natural selection (bottleneck effect- mass extinction; founder effect- group of organisms starts a new community) Lucky rather than fit |
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Bottleneck= flood, disease, meteor, natural disasters
Founder effect= group of organisms starts a new community |
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| Miller and Urey's Experiment |
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| made organic molecules from scratch (this could be how life formed on earth--microspheres/bubbles of life) |
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| small microenvironments made out of proteins that may have provided the protection organic molecules needed in the early earth's atmosphere |
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*killed many organisms (primitive cells)
*made respiratory/aerobic cells form |
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Theory by LYNN MARGULIS
Primitive cells "eat" aerobic bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria through invagination. The aerobic bacteria turns into mitochondria==animal cells. The photosynthetic bacteria turned into chloroplasts==plant cells. |
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wrote On the Origin of Species
contributed natural selection to evolution |
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| the earth is millions of years old (based on geography (mountains)) |
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| too big population--not enough resources |
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use and disuse (crabs)
WRONG |
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| Essay with evolution (published before Darwin) |
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