Term
| When did D publish his famous book. What was the name? |
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Definition
| 1859. Origin of Species by Means of Nat. Selection. |
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Term
| How many eds of Origin where there? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 main topics in Origin? |
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Definition
1) Descent with Modification (transmutation)
2) Natural Selection (mechanism by which transmutation occurs) |
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Term
| What method did methodolgy did D use? Who started it? |
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Definition
Hypothetico-deductive method
Bacon |
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Term
| What were the main steps of hypothetico-deductive method? |
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Definition
1) induction: phenomenon observed, explanation proposed
2) Hypothesis: Explanations further proposed and constructed in a testable manner
3) Deduction: data is proposed so that the hypothesis can either be refuted or not refuted. |
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Term
| What other principal did Darwin use in his methodology? What is this principle? |
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Definition
Principle of Consiliance: a unifying principle is supported by several sub-principle (and v a v)
D took the sub-principles and tested them to help support the larger principle. |
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Term
| How does evolution fit into D's theory? |
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Definition
| It is the unifying principle of Descent with Mod and Nat Selec. |
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Term
| What were the sub-principles of D's theory of Descent with Mod? |
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Definition
1. biogeography
2. comparative anatomy
3. comparative embryology
4. vestigal organs
5. paleontology |
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Term
| what was D's strongest line of evidence for evo? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who helped Dawin the most with his biogeography ideas? What did he help D do? |
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Definition
| John Gould. Ornithologist. saw that birds on the close islands of the Galapagos varied greatly by island but had commonality with the S.A spp. |
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Term
| What birds helped prove D's biogeography theories? |
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Definition
| Finches, Mockingbirds, Large flightless birds. |
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Term
| What helped D to connect africa and S.A? |
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Definition
| The commonalities between finches in the Galapagos and Cape Verde Islands. |
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Term
| What are some specialities of the galapagos birds? |
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Definition
picking little seeds
cracking big seeds
poking for alrvae
warbling |
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Term
| Explain the similarities and differences between mainland and island birds. Where was this displayed? |
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Definition
| The island birds were more like their mainland anscestors than eachother. Displayed in Africa/Cape Verde and Galapagos/S.A. |
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Term
| How did D reject Lamarkism? |
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Definition
| If Lamarkism were true than island birds would be more like eachother because their environments were very similar than they were like the mainland. |
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Term
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Definition
| one anscestral species radiates out to different geographical places and then adapts there |
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Term
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Definition
| trait shared btween species |
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Term
| what body structure did Darwin use the most for comparative anatomy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What common bone was found in all tetrapod vertebrates? |
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Definition
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Term
| What indicates divergence in a sp? |
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Definition
| One common trait but also two different traits for someother quality. The common trait represents a common ancestor and the different trait represents the divergence. |
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Term
Drawing of tetrapod vertabrate forelimbs similarities. |
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Definition
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Term
| describe the similarities between tetrapod forelimbs in vertabrates? |
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Definition
humerus on top
radius bone on inside of forearm, ulna on outside. Carpals small at wrist. Metacarpals as fingers. |
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Term
| what variety of animals have forelimb commonalities? |
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Definition
| birds, aquatic mammals, people, hoofed creatures, land mammals |
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Term
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Definition
| trait shared by species but that does not develop in the same way *not inherited from a common ancestor |
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Term
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Definition
| birds and bat and insect wings |
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Term
| lizard example of analogies |
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Definition
| leglessness evolved twice. once from common lizard to snake, again from legged skink to legless sking |
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Term
| what did comparative embryology show D? |
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Definition
| similar embryonic pahtways in different organisms |
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Term
| best example of structure present in all embryos? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| reduced forms of fully functional organs in other organisms |
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Term
| what vestigial organ is commonly seen in limbless animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are cloacal spurs, why are they significant? |
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Definition
| they are vestigial hindlimbs in snakes that are actually used for courtship. formerly known as legs! |
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Term
| what are common vestigial organs in humans? |
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Definition
| 3rd molars, ear muscles, coccyx, appendix |
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Term
| what was the primary use of fossils in D's theory? |
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Definition
| That orgs do go extinct. That species are not the same as they used to be. species that cant adapt go extinct. |
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Term
| what was darwins weakest theory supporting evolution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Dawin say a "Creator" would have done differently than what is? |
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Definition
1. design limbs with elements specific for function
2. design developmental pahtways that are specific for an organism
3. not make vestigial organs |
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