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| The cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population. |
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| Small changes upon small changes over many generations. |
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| Heritable Characteristics |
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| In 1801, a naturalist called Lamarck proposed a concept of organismal change via habitual use and disuse. |
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| In 1859, Charles Darwin posited a theory of descent with modification via mechanism he called natural selection. |
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Members of a species show variation due to either:
- Genetic Mutation
- Sexual Reproduction -3 Ways (Crossing over, Independent assortment, and random fertilization.)
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| During prophase 1 of meisosis, homologous chromosomes pair up at points called chiasma. Genetic information may be exchanged at these points (crossing over) to create new genetic combination. |
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| During metaphase 1 of meisosis, the homologous pairs will line up at the equator in a random orientation. This means the maternal and paternal copies will assort independently, resulting in 2n gamete combinations. |
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| As populations grow resources become limited, and the consequence of the overproduction of offspring is increase competition and a struggle for survival. |
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Definition
| Environmetal pressures will select for features that promote reproductive fitness (beneficial adaptations) and select against features detrimental to survival. |
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