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| two or more organisms competing for same resourse |
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| crossing of two diffrent specie |
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| slight change to an organisim making it more suitable for survival in an ecosystem |
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| the process of change over time becoming more complex |
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| a group of organisms that have simmilar DNA structure therefore they can reproduce |
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| scientist who created classification system grouping animals acroding to characteristics |
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| stated all animals came from shared ansesters, and stated earth must be very old |
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| stated all ansester have common ansesters, and developed from less complex organisms |
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| all organisms moved toward profection and acquired charicteristics are passed on to offspring |
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| cyclonic or periodic disasters shaped major geographicial structures |
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| slow changes over time creating current geographical conditions |
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| the process which shape the earth have always been the same and move in cyclonic activities |
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| organisims darwin observed and designed theory around |
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| what evidences did darwin give to support his observations of finch and tortouse |
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1. finches had geographicial seperation based upon beak strength giving them advantage over local foods
2. tortouse neck size were geographicially sepereted and had diffrent sized necks to better suite local food sourse
3. fossil records showed diverse changes in geography |
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| man designed hybrids based upon desired traits, untill those traits were the only trait availabel making a purebread |
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| inhertance of benificial adapations and sucess in an area due to adaptations making an individual more fit to have offspring |
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| 4 proces of natural selection |
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1. variation- physcial changes of an organisim making them more fit to a specific area
2. overpopulation- making many offspring so some of them have potential to keep specie going
3. adaptation- small changes allowing for advantage in an ecosystem
4. descent with dodifications- pass on adaptations too offspring |
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| early evidences for darwinian evolution |
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1. fossils
2. geography
3. embryology- embyros of many specie look similar
4. anatomy-
a.homologous structures / similar structures in diffrent specie
b anologous structure/ similar function of specie |
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| organs that seem to have no purpose in one specie but in another specie same organ is used for specific purpose |
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| sequence of genes that show trait |
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| possiable genetic possibilities for an organism |
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| a chart which shows the avrage of a population |
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| small changes in genetic code which allow for natural selection to be achieved |
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| one specie has favorable advantage in certain instances |
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| a specie avrage has an advantage over oppisite ends of spectrum in the same organisim |
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| a specie avrage or standard is at a dissadvantage and ends of spectrum have distinct advantage |
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| genetic drift based upon geogrphic isolation |
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| small group breaks off of main gene pool isolating those genetic specie |
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| a trait which gives advantage to indivials mating process |
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| hardy winberg equilibrium |
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state where population is not changing for five reasons
1. large population
2. no good mutations
3. random mating
4. no emigration or immigration to population
5. no natural selection |
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| formula for hardy winberg |
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| genetic drift resulting in seperate specie which are unable to reproduce togother |
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| types of reproductive isolation |
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1, behavioral- diffrent courtship process seperating individual specie
2. geographic- physcial barrier seperates species
3. temporal isolation- seperete mating periods for diffrent specie |
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| two seperate specie evolve simmilar characteristics |
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| two simmilar specie evolve in diffrent ways |
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| specie which interact change togother |
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| the loss of a specie from earth |
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| jumps in evolutionary process |
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| the quick spread of a many species after a catostrophie of some sort |
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1. imprent
2. minneral transfer
3. trace fossils
4. tree resign
5. ice or valconic ash |
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| dating methods used to estimate age of fossil |
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1. carbon 12
2. carbon 14
3. uranium
4. chlorine
5. radium |
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| decay rate of isotopes used in dating fossils |
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| key fossils used to indicate time period of geologicicial chart |
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1. cenozoic
2. mesozoic
3. paleozoic |
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| hypothesis of early precambrian earth was like |
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1. autmosphere made of poisness gasses, very diffrent then today/ called a nebula/
2. the earth is very old |
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| early experiment which simmulated earth autmosphere/ what was produced |
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| miller urey experiment/ amino acids |
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| single celled organisim that creates oxygen |
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| symbiotic relationship involving one organisim living within the other |
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| multicellular organisims first showed up in what era |
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| fish would have emerged in which period |
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| largest dinosour population then extinction |
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| what is the era/age of mammals |
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| oldest living primate group |
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| group of primates which walk upright |
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| first homo group to use tools |
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