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Definition
| One of a number of different forms of a gene or locus |
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Definition
| Specific location of a gene or sequence of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| is a chance in allele frequencies in a population over generations |
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| Three mecanisms cause allele frequency change |
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Definition
-natural selection
-genetic drift
-Gene flow -can decrease fitness for a certain population |
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| What causes adaptive solution |
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Definition
| only natural selection causes adaptive solution |
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Term
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Definition
mutations-silent, happens in introns
Duplications of pieces of DNA increase genome size
Duplicated genes can take on new functions by further mutation
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Definition
mutation rates are low in animals/plants
Lower in prokaryotes high in viruses |
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Definition
this can shuffle existing alleles into new combinations
makes adaptations possible
recombination of alleles is more importatn than mutation in genetic defferences making adaptation possible
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Definition
| Tests whether a population is evolving |
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Definition
| group of individuals in the same species can breed make offspring in same area |
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Definition
| all allesles for all loci of population |
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Term
| Hardy weinberg principles |
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Definition
| states that frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population remain constant from generation to generation |
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| What are the 5 conditions that allow hardy weinberg to be possible? |
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Definition
no mutations
random mating
no natural selection
extremely large population size
no gene flow |
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Term
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Definition
Genetic Drift
Gene flow
Natural selection |
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Term
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Definition
| how allele frequencies fluctuate unpredictably from one generation to the next, the smaller a pop the greater chance of deviation from result |
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Term
| What does genetic drift do to genetic variation? |
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Definition
| tends to reduce genetic variation through losses of alleles, over time |
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Term
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Definition
| small number of individuals from one population move to another population |
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Definition
| A chance where an event causes most of the population to die, randomly sorting around the gene pool |
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Definition
genetic drift significant to small population
causes allele frequencies to change at random
lead to a loss of genetic variation
can cause harmful alleles to be fixed
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Term
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Definition
| when natural selection maintains two or more forms in a population |
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Term
| Natural selection vs adaptations |
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Definition
nat selection can only act on available variation; structures result from modified ancestry
adaptations are often compromises; and chancem natural selection, and the environment can react |
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