Just under a day. 

Twenty hours

They can't live long without food becuase their tiny bodies don't hols very large caloric reserves.

With each generation, you would have seen a slight increase in longevity of life, and resistant to starvation.

Example: The fifth generation can live up to 32 hours.

YES.

Suggested that living species might change over time. 

He thought that change came about through the use or disuse of features. 

• Geologist
• 1830 book Principles of Geology: argued that geological forces ha dshaped the earth and were continuing to do so, producing mountains an valleys, cliffs and canyons through gradual but relentless change. 

• (Traits exhibited by species)Traits: different physical characteristics, such as body size, beak shapem or feather color
• (Similarity between the fossils of extinct species and the living species in that dame area) 

• Economist
• Essay on rhe Principle of Population: populations had the potential to grow much faster than food supplies could
• Darwin realized that favorable variations are preserved

Evolving Beliefs In Darwin's World

Before: Organisms were all put on earth by a creator at the same time

Evolving Beliefs in Darwin's World

Before: Organisms are fixed: no additions, no subtractions

Evolving Beliefs in Darwin's World

Before: Earth is about 6,000 years old

Evolving Veliefs in Darwin's World

Before: Earth is mostly unchanging

• Evolution is the change on allele frequencies of the populations
• Individuals DO NOT evolve

Agents of Evolutionary Change

MUTATION

Agents of Evolutionary Change

GENETIC DRIFT

Agents of Evolutionary Change

MIGRATION

Agents of Evolutionary Change

NATURAL SELECTION

Migration aka Gene Flow

1) There must be variation for the particular trait withing a population

2) That variation must be inheritable

3) Individuals with one version of the trait must produce more offspring than those with a different version of the trait

Differential Reproductive Success

1) An individual's fitness is measured relative to other genotypes or phenotypes in population

2) Fitness depends on the specific environment in which the organism lives

3) Fitness depends on an organism's reproductive success compared to other organisms in the population

Adaptation

1) Environments change quickly

2) Variation is needed as the raw material of selection

3) There may be multiple different alleles for a trait, each causing an individual to have the same fitness

Five Primary Lines of Evidence:

1) The fossil Record: physical evidence or organisms that lived in the past

2) Biogeography: patterns in geographic distribution of living organisms 

3) Comparative anatomy and embryology: growth, development, and body structures of major groups of organisms

4) Molecular biology: the examination of life at level of individual molecules

5) Laboratory and Field Experiments: implementation of the scientific method to observe and study evolutionary mechanisms

These fossils exhibit distinct adaptations to those environments.

There have been many types of horses that have came and gone due to the failed attempt at trying to adapt to the constant environmental changes. 

The same bones-modified extensively-that betray the fact that they share a common ancestor. 

Example: humansm horsesm bats, and porpoises' arm and finger bones. 

"Evolutionary Leftovers" aka structures that sometimes have no function at all anymore, they still remain becuase they had value ancestrally and was once used before. 

Example: humans and the appendix

DNA Similarities and Differences

1. they share a greater proportion of their DNA than do unrelated individuals
2. The more distantly you and another individual are related, the more DNA differs. 

1. Compare their DNA sequences for individual genes
2. In Rhesus monkeys, 138 amino acids are the same as those found in human hemoglobin

Estimates of evolutionary relatedness made from:

• Comparative anatomy
• Embryology
• The Fossil Record

"Molecular Clocks"