Term
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Definition
| Everyday genes: glycolysis enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| Housekeeping genes and Developmental genes |
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Term
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Definition
In NUCLEAR dna
Found during Gastrulation |
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Term
| 2 processes of expression of genes |
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Definition
Cytoplasmic determinants/morphogenic factors
or
Induction |
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Term
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Definition
One group of cells give off chemicals that effect another group. (nuclear DNA)
NOTE: like us: INdeterminate |
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Term
| Cytoplasmic determinants or Morphogenic factors |
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Definition
| Molecules usually MRNA in egg cytoplasm ex: Bicoid gene in fly |
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Term
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Definition
head,
3 thracic segments
2legs
2legs and wings
2 legs and haltere |
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Term
| Where does bicoid come from? |
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Definition
| Mothers place in egg. Morphogenic factor |
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Term
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Definition
| fertilize and mrna translated to form bicoid protein |
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Term
| how is bicoid distributed |
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Definition
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Term
| Whats one way to get a bicoid mutant? |
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Definition
| even distribution bicoid protein in egg will cause to posterior ends and no head. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens between cell group a and b? |
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Definition
Developmental genes...produce mrna...translated protein....exocytosed from cells to....
Cell group B....attach to receptors on b....alter developmental genes in THOSE cells.
BACK AND FORTH BW A AND B |
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Term
| WHAT IS IMPORTANT between two groups of cells and their factors |
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Definition
| TIMING genes are not making protein forever and receptors are not present forever. less than hour |
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Term
| what happens when optic vesicle touches ectoderm? |
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Definition
| induces formation of lens....which in turn...next |
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Term
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Definition
| induces formation of optic cup and cornea which in turn.... |
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Term
| formed cornea induces.... |
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Definition
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Term
| what gene is responsible for eye development? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is pax 6 required for? |
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Definition
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Term
| how are gap genes activated? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do gap genes do in fly? |
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Definition
| specify ant...>post axis of embryo |
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Term
| what do pair rules gene do? |
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Definition
| Govern formation of every 2 body segments |
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Term
| what do segment polarity genes do? |
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Definition
| each segment producing the correct anterior and posterior end. (specific structures not general) |
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Term
| Increasinglyh specif example? |
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Definition
first where front where back?....> then
where do leges go? |
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Term
| how many mutations studied and genes identified in flies? |
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Definition
| 40k mutations and 15 genes identified |
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Term
| 2 examples of homeotic mutants? |
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Definition
legs instead of antannae.....
and extra winges instead of halteres |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Homeotic genes in fly are homologous to? |
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Definition
| homeotic genes in humans are homologuous |
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Term
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Definition
| a subgroup of homeotic genes |
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Term
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Definition
| Big! responsible for formation of body pattern in embryo. Regulation. |
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Term
| What do homeotic genes do? |
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Definition
Master Genes
Control banks of other genes
function in cascade |
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Term
| Bicoid activates gap genes which activate.... |
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Definition
pair rule...>segment polarity
in a cascade |
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Term
| what genes can you mutate and not be detrimental to development? |
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Definition
| Genes way down in the cascade are |
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Term
| cytoplasmic determinate....>gap genes...... |
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Definition
| pair rules ......>segment polarity |
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Term
| how do homeotic genes affect other genes? |
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Definition
| EVERY HOMEOTIC has a common>< seguence of nucleotide base pairs. |
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Term
| a group of nucleotides in common sequence is called a |
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Definition
| homeobox(foudn in all developmental genes |
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Term
| proteins are transcribed then... |
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Definition
bind to transcription site on next gene
some go back and turn off original gene. |
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Term
| What information is given by these genes? |
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Definition
| Inducers give positional information |
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Term
| How can a structure be altered? |
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Definition
mutate developmental gene
or
activate at different time
or leave it on for longer/shorter time(different time) |
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Term
| what does thalidomide cause and what gene is affected? |
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Definition
| Hox 11d limb development is stunted. blocks promoter region |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| same genes hox cause what? |
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Definition
| development of visceral arches in all animals. different expression>>>>different structures. |
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