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Evolution and Ecology terms
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20
Biology
10th Grade
05/03/2010

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Term
Punctuated Equilibrium
Definition
a hypothesis in evolution,it proposes that a certain species will not evolve for most of earth's history but will sometimes have a rapid seperation and evolve into another species
Examples:
Bryozoans
Brachiopod
Term
Artificial Selection
Definition
purposely breeding for certain traits, or combination of traits, selective breeding.
Examples
Sunflower
Corn
Dogs
Term
Introduced Species
Definition
A non-native species to the area in which it is living.
Examples
Armadillo
Brazilian Pepper tree
Horses
Term
Antibiotic Resistance
Definition
when you take too many antibiotics as a population and/or you take the antibiotics for the full run and it gives them time to grow resistance.
Examples
MRSA = Methilicillin Staphylococous Pulmone
VRE = Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococous
PRSP = Penicillin-Resistant Streptococous
Term
Convergent Evolution
Definition
is the appearence of the same or similarities in different species that aren't related.
Examples
cat-like features
poison dart frog and mantella
the aye aye and the stripped possum
Term
Sexual Selection
Definition
is the theory proposed by Charles Darwin that states that certain evolutionary traits can be used for finding a mate.
Examples
Peacocks
Birds
Elephant seals
Term
Parasitism
Definition
is a type of symbiotic relationship where only the parasite benefits at the expense of the host.
Examples
mosquitos and humans
heartworms in dogs
dogs and ticks
Term
Amazing Migrations
Definition
the periodic passage that animals use to breed or eat
Examples
Arctic Tern
Humback Whale
Caribou
Term
Adaptation to Extreme Enviorments
Definition
when certain species manage to survive in places that it is impossible.
Examples
Hyperthermophic Archaea
Pyrocecocous CHI
cacti
Term
Arms Race
Definition
how predators and prey evolve together. The prey gets eaten by the predator but the predator starves, and so on.
Lion and Zebra
Cheetah and Gazelle
Plants and Catepillars
Term
Coevolution
Definition
the evolution of two or more species in which each adopts to change to coexist.
Examples
Acai Tree and Acai Ant
Humans and Hookworms
Gartner Snake and Rough Skin Newt
Term
Commensalism
Definition
one animal benefits the other gains nothing
Examples
Cattle Egret and Cattle
Pseudoscorpion and beatle
Term
Ammensalism
Definition
one organism gets hurt the other gains nothing
Examples
Algea Bloom kill fish
Wildebeast kill grass
Term
Founder Effect
Definition
Caused by isolation, the genetic frequencies change from the rest of the population
Examples
Amish people
Darwin's Finches
Term
Bottleneck Effect
Definition
When there are many species in a population and there is a sudden problem and a few are left and are dependent on them to mantain population.
Examples
White Tiger
Cheetah
Term
Warning Coloration
Definition
Redognizable markings that serve as a warning.
Examples
Poison Dart Frog
Yellow Winged Darter Dragonfly
Term
Mimicry
Definition
Looks like harmful species
Examples
Monarch Butterfly/Viceroy
Coral Snake/Red Milke Snake
Bee
Term
Pesticide Resistance
Definition
pests develop a resistance to a chemical through natural selection
Examples
Fruit Flies
Rats
DDT Malaria
Term
Mutualism
Definition
a biological interaction between an organism, where both organisms receive benefits.
Examples
Red-billed Oxpecker and Impala
Clown Fish and the Sea Anemone
Humans and plants
Term
Adaptive Radiation
Definition
several species are all evolved from one common ancestor and in time have adopted to their enviorment.
Examples
Darwin's Finches
Marsupials
Cichild Fish
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