Term
| The term "euthanasia" comes from.... |
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Definition
| Greek words for "good death" |
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Term
| Euthanasia should induce 3 different physiologic events in the following order: |
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Definition
1. rapid loss of consciousness
2. cardiac or respiratory arrest
3. loss of brain function |
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Term
| Pain is the sensation resulting from... |
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Definition
| nerve impulses in the cerebral cortex |
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Term
| Why should the patient be anesthetized or unconscious before euthanasia? |
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Definition
| When anesthetized or unconscious, the cerebral cortex is not functioning, and thus there is no pain perception. |
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Term
| 4 ways an animal can become anesthetized or unconscious: |
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Definition
-hypoxia
-drug-induced depression
-electric shock
-concussion |
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Term
| The type and amount of physical restraint during euthanasia depends on what factors? (8) |
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Definition
-species
-breed
-size
-state of domestication
-degree of taming
-presence of painful injury or disease
-degree of excitement
-method of euthanasia |
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Term
| What group releases a panel regarding all methods of euthanasia, including methods which are not considered acceptable? |
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Definition
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Term
| Factors affecting which method of euthanasia to use: |
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Definition
-ability to induce loss of consciousness & death without causing pain, distress, anxiety, or apprehension
-time to induce loss of consciousness
-reliability
-safety
-irreversibility
-compatibility with purpose
-emotional effect
-compatibility with animal use
-drug availability and human abuse potential
-compatibility with species, age, and health status
-equipment maintenance
-safety for predators/scavengers |
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Term
| Behavioral and physiological considerations when choosing a method of euthanasia: |
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Definition
-distress vocalizations
-struggling/escape attempts
-defensive or redirected aggression
-salivation
-urination/defecation/anal sac release
-pupillary dilation
-tachycardia
-sweating
-shivering/tremors
-immobility |
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Term
| Modes of action of euthanasia agents: |
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Definition
1. Hypoxia, direct or indirect
2. Direct depression of neurons necessary for life function
3. Physical disruption of brain activity and destruction of neurons necessary for life function |
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Term
| List the 4 groups of inhalant agents from PP: |
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Definition
-Halothane: most effective inhalant anesthetic for euthanasia; can also use Iso, Sevo
-CO2: lots of wildlife places use it
-Nitrogen & Argon
-Carbon monoxide |
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Term
| Are Nitrogen and Argon recommended euthanasia agents? |
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Definition
| not recommended because they cause hypoxemia which is causes stress/pain |
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Term
| Are CO2 or CO recommended euthanasia agents? |
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Definition
CO2: humane, used by many wildlife places
CO: humane but dangerous!! |
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Term
| Are inhalant anesthetics like halothane, iso, and sevo recommended euthanasia agents? |
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Definition
| yes, they are very humane because animal just falls asleep and doesn't wake up |
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Term
| How can inhalant anesthetic be used to euthanize a small animal like a mouse? What is this method called? In what animals is this not an ideal method of euthanasia? |
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Definition
Open Drop method:
-animal in bell jar separated by grate from gauze/cotton ball soaked with drug
-not ideal for breath-holders (eg reptiles, diving birds) or neonates |
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Term
| Neonates may require a different method of euthanasia than adults of their same species. Why? |
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Definition
| more tolerant of hypoxia, so euthanasia takes longer and may be less humane |
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Term
| What is the most rapid and reliable method of euthanasia? How is it administered? |
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Definition
-injectable barbiturate overdose
-IV (best), IP (acceptable but must be quiet to avoid excitement), IC (if heavily sedated, anesthetized, or comatose) |
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Term
| Barbiturate overdose causes death with these 3 steps: |
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Definition
1. deep anesthesia
2. apnea
3. cardiac arrest |
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Term
| Pros and Cons of sedating an animal before administering injectable euthanasia solution: |
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Definition
+ decrease stress, pain
- depress circulatory system, so solution takes longer to work |
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Term
| When are injectable barbiturates not a viable method of euthanasia? |
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Definition
-need to examine organs
-plan on feeding out animal to other animals (or people if livestock) |
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Term
| Acceptable physical methods of euthanasia: |
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Definition
-captive bolt
-gunshot
-cervical dislocation
-decapitation
-electrocution
-irradiation
-thoracic compression (maybe not?) |
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Term
| When are physical methods of euthanasia acceptable? |
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Definition
| when properly performed by skilled personnel |
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Term
| Unacceptable physical method of euthanasia: |
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Definition
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Term
| Adjunct physical methods of euthanasia: |
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Definition
-stunning
-pithing
-exsanguination |
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Term
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Definition
| inserting a needle through the foramen magnum and injecting euthanasia solution directly into brain tissue; alternately can "scramble" brain |
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Term
| After decapitation, electrical activity in the brain continues for ______. Does this mean the animal is in pain? |
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Definition
| 13-14 sec; seemingly no pain |
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Term
Pretend:
Your cat catches a bird and injures it severely. What physical method of euthanasia can you use at home to put it out of its misery? |
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Definition
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Term
| What physical methods of euthanasia are used in certain types of research, such as brain enzyme studies? |
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Definition
-electrocution
-irradiation |
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Term
| What physical method of euthanasia is often used when researchers need to harvest organs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the euthanasia product that looks like a pastry bag with a tiny guillotine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is meant by the term "adjunct" euthanasia method? |
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Definition
| a method which is not acceptable as a stand-alone, but can be used after primary method renders animal unconscious, or fails to kill animal |
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Term
| For what sort of animals might you used pithing as an adjunct method of euthanasia? |
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Definition
| on animals in which it's difficult to stick the heart, eg reptiles |
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