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EuropeanColonizationNewWorld
Wellen SOL Study
97
History
Not Applicable
04/16/2004
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Term
#1) What was the indigenous population of North America pre-contact with Europeans?
 Definition
It was between 2,000,000 and 18,000,000 people.
Term
#2) What was the lowest population number of the North American Indians?
-- When was it?
 Definition
The lowest population of North American Indians was in 1900 -- 250,000 people. This is the end result of 300 years of Indian/European settler wars.
Term
#3) Why did Christopher Columbus name the indigenous people in the Americas "Indians"?
 Definition
He mistakenly believed he had arrived in India.
Term
#4) What were some accomplishments of the Native American peoples?
 Definition
-- The Aztecs and Incas had sophisticated systems of government and religions.
-- They also had complex systems of astronomy and time-keeping.
Term
#5) When did Columbus land in the Americas?
-- Where did he land?
-- Why was it now possible for the Spanish to explore and "discover" the New World?
 Definition
He landed on what is believed to be the island of Hispaniola, in the Caribbean Sea, on Oct. 12, 1492. His exploration was possible because the Spanish were developing their Armada, which was a navy powerful enough to give them almost free rein to explore the far reaches of the Atlantic Ocean.
Term
#6) What Europeans had visited the New World at least 500 years before Columbus' voyages?
 Definition
The Vikings had visited Canada and possibly New England by around 1000 A.D.
-- However, when Columbus made his voyages, European monarchs were powerful and wealthy enough to finance exploration and colonization missions.
Term
#7) Who was Amerigo Vespuci?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He was an Italian explorer who coined the term "New World" in 1500.
-- The Americas were named after him.
Term
#8) Who was the dominant naval power throughout the 1500s? (16th Century)?
 Definition
Spain.
-- The Spanish Armada (navy) was so powerful it stopped other European powers from exploring the New World.
Term
#9) What is the "Treaty of Tordesillas" (1494)?
-- Why was it necessary at this time?
 Definition
It was drawn up between Spain and Portugal after Columbus' "discoveries," giving everything west of the 46th meridian to Spain and giving Portugal everything to the east.
Term
#10) What did Ferdinand Magellan do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He was a European explorer who sailed around the tip of South America (1519- 1522), thus making him the first human being we know of to circumnavigate the globe.
Term
#11) What did Vasco Nuñez de Balboa do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He led a mission that trekked across Panama and became the first European to see the Pacific Coast of the Americas.
Term
#12) Why did the Spanish begin to purchase African slaves to work in the Caribbean in the 1500s?
 Definition
The Native Americans had mostly died out within 20 - 50 years of Columbus' voyage and the European settlers wanted more free labor to develop the islands.
Term
#13) Approximately how many Africans were ultimately carried to the New World?
 Definition
Over ten million Africans were captured and enslaved in the New World.
Term
#14) Who was Hernando Cortez?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He was a Spanish conquistador who conquered the Mayans and the Aztecs in Mexico with 1500 men (1519 - 1521).
Term
#15) Who was Francisco Pizarro?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He was a Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas and the Aztecs in Peru (1531 - 1535).
Term
#16) Who was Francisco Vasquez de Coronado?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He was a Spanish explorer who mapped the Southwestern portion of North America (1540 - 1542) and became the first European to see the Grand Canyon.
Term
#17) What was the leading reason for the decline of the indigenous populations in the Americas from 1492 - 1900?
 Definition
The onset of diseases such as small pox to which the Indians had no natural resistance.
Term
#18) Who was Ponce de Leon?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He was a Spanish explorer who laid claim to, and named, Florida. He landed in St. Augustine, FL, sailed around Key West and around the entire peninsula. He later was killed by Native Americans when he tried to colonize FL (1512 - 1521). There is a myth that he was looking for the Fountain of Youth, but he was searching for gold and personal enrichment.
Term
#19) Who was Hernando de Soto?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He was a Spanish explorer who landed in St. Petersburg, FL and explored much of the southeastern US, from Texas in the West, north along the Mississippi River to Tennessee. He warred with Native American tribes and died of malaria (1539 - 1542).
Term
#20) By what dates had the Spanish settled into Florida, Arizona, and New Mexico?
 Definition
The Spanish were well-settled into the southern parts of the Americas by the end of the 1500s.
Term
#21) What happened in 1588 to change the course of the New World?
 Definition
The British navy defeated the Spanish Armada, thus opening up the seas for British and French exploration and settlement of the New World.
Term
#22) What did John Cabot do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He was the first European explorer in recorded history to set foot in North America (in 1497), for which he earned £10 from King Henry VII, king of England.
Term
#23) Who was Samuel de Champlain?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He was a French explorer who founded Quebec in 1608.
Term
#24) Who was Henry Hudson?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He was an English explorer (1607 - 1611), working for the Dutch East India Company (a joint-stock company). He sailed up the Hudson River in New York, hoping to find a passage through to India and China.
Term
#25) What is the Dutch East India Company?
-- What did it do?
-- When did it do it?
 Definition
It was the most famous joint-stock company (a group of small investors) which funded much of the exploration and settlement of the New World (from the late 1500s through the early 1600s).
Term
#26) How did England's King Henry VIII profoundly affect our lives in America?
 Definition
He was Enland's most powerful king up until that time (1491 - 1547). He coveted money and power, so he rejected the control of the Catholic Church and the Pope. He made himself the head of the English church and confiscated the Pope's lands and wealth in England.
-- This was important to the future of the United States, because it allowed the formation of various Christian sects, which later settled in the New World, seeking religious freedom.
Term
#27) What was "The Reformation"?
-- When was it?
-- Why was it important to Americans?
 Definition
It was a religious move away from the Pope and the Catholic Church. It was started in 1517 in Germany by Martin Luther, who published 95 theses that challenged Catholic dogma, thereby making it possible for the development of the Protestant churches which helped settle the New World.
Term
#28) Who was Humphrey Gilbert?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He was a British explorer who first attempted to set up a permanent British settlement in North America (1578 - 1583). His ships went down in the mid-Atlantic while attempting to return to England for supplies.
Term
#29) Who was Sir Francis Drake?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He was the first Englishman to sail around the world (1577 - 1589). He is also famous for bringing tobacco back to England from North America. He died of dysentery and was buried at sea.
Term
#30) Who was Sir Walter Raliegh?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He twice attempted to set up a permanent English settlement in North America. The first settlement (in 1585) disbanded and went home on Sir Francis Drake's ships. The second was named Roanoke, and was settled in North Carolina (1587). A supply ship went to England in 1587 and was delayed in returning by England's war with Spain in the Atlantic Ocean. When it finally was able to make the return journey to Roanoke in 1590, the colony had vanished.
Term
#31) What was the Virginia Company of Plymouth?
-- What did it do?
-- When did it do it?
 Definition
It was a joint-stock company (made up of many inidividual investors) that petitioned King James I of England for a charter to set up colonies for England in North America, to the north of Pennsylvania. Their first colony was settled in Maine in 1606 and only lasted one winter. Their next colony was settled in Massachusetts at Plymouth Rock in 1620 and became a permanent settlement.
Term
#32) What was the Virginia Company of London?
-- What did it do?
-- When did it do it?
 Definition
It was a joint-stock company that petitioned King James I of England for a charter to set up English colonies in North America, to the south of Pennsylvania. They established the first permanent English settlement in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.It was a joint-stock company (made up of many inidividual investors) that petitioned King James I of England for a charter to set up colonies for England in North America, to the south of Pennsylvania. Their first colony was established in Virginia in 1607 and became a permanent settlement.
Term
#33) Who was the state of Virginia named after?
 Definition
It was named after Queen Elizabeth I, Henry VIII's daughter, known as "The Virgin Queen."
Term
#34) Why was creating a permanent colony so difficult for most of the early settlers in Jamestown?
 Definition
Many of them were English gentlemen who were wealthy enough to invest in the Virginia Company. However, they were unaccustomed to the hard labor necessary to begin a settlement from scratch.
Term
#35) What were the names of the ships the Jamestown settlers arrived in?
 Definition
The Susan Constant, the Godspeed, and the Discovery
Term
#36) What were several of the initial problems faced by the Virginia settlers?
 Definition
They had problems with:
-- swampy land filled with mosquitoes and malaria;
-- leadership from England with a council of VA colonists who argued constantly;
-- a disorganized scramble for gold rather than a focus on survival;
-- disappointing to investors because no gold was found, nor a passage to India;
-- Captain John Smith's tyranny;
-- starvation and cannibalism;
-- initial problems with the Indians.
Term
#37) Who was Captain John Smith?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He was a British soldier of common birth who had fought Turks in Hungary and been sold into slavery and then rescued. He joined the Virginia Company settlement to Jamestown. He soon took over the colony, mapped the area, supposedly was captured by the Indians and rescued by Pocahantas, befriended Powhatan, obtained corn, built fortifications and sent back to England a shipment of cedar wood to England. Captain Smith was considered a tyrant, but the colony almost collapsed when he had to return to England after being wounded in 1609.
Term
#38) What process did most British citizens who decided to emigrate to the New World, use to organize their passage?
 Definition
Some paid their way (£6), but many came as indentured servants who agreed to work for seven years in exchange for passage to Jamestown.
Term
#39) What was Virginia's first successful export to England?
 Definition
It was tobacco. The first shipment was sent to England in 1617.
Term
#40) Who was John Rolfe?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He was a member of the Virginia Company of London who developed a very popular variety of tobacco (by combining a native American variety with a West Indies variety). He also forcibly married Pocahontas, after kidnapping her from Powhatan, her father (from the American Indian perspective).
Term
#41) What are two main reasons the Jamestown settlement succeeded?
 Definition
1. Powhatan, the leader of the Powhatan
Confederacy (a member of the Algon-
kian tribes), decided to help the
settlers survive;
2. The success of the tobacco crop.
Term
#42) By what year had the "Jamestown Indian Fighters" destroyed the Powhatan Confederacy?
 Definition
Most of the American Indians in the Powhatan Confederacy had been destroyed or had moved away from the Chesapeake area by 1644.
Term
#43) How many (what percentage) of the 130,000 English people who immigrated to the Chesapeake Bay area came over as indentured servants?
 Definition
It was approximately 75% who came as indentured servants because they could get passage and the hope of a free and prosperous life (in which they could own their own land and/or business)after their servitude was over.
Term
#44) When did slavery first appear in the Chesapeake Bay area?
 Definition
In 1619, a Dutch trading vessel unloaded about 20 Africans, most of whom were sold into slavery. A few managed to become endentured servants and obtained their freedom 7 years later. However, by 1705, no free black people could live in VA.
Term
#45) What was the House of Burgesses?
-- When was it established?
-- Why was it important in the History of the United States?
 Definition
It was a legislative body, established in 1619 by the Virginia Company of London, in which any landowner could vote. It's very important because it was the beginning of American democracy. It allowed all landowners equal vote, no matter their relative wealth.
Term
#46) What is the Protestant Reformation?
-- How is it important to the development of America?
 Definition
It was a movement that started when Martin Luther publically posted a thesis with 95 assertions against the Catholic Church. At that time (1517)all European Christians were Catholics. The Lutheran Church began and many other Protestant Churches arose. In 1534, when the Pope refused to let Henry VIII divorce, he formed the Church of England. This was important to the development of America, because many church groups chose to go to America in search of the freedom to pursue their religious beliefs without persecution from the government.
Term
#47) Who were the Puritans?
-- Why were they important to the development of the Americas?
 Definition
They were a Protestant group that wanted to reform the Church of England (Anglicans). They were persecuted by both the Catholics and the non-Puritan Anglicans, so they left Englandd. First they went to Holland and then to the Americas, where they settled in Massachusetts.
Term
#48) What did the Puritans believe?
 Definition
1. That God is omnipotent and good;
2. That humans are evil and helpless and
condemned before birth via "pre-
destination" to salvation or to
eternal punishment in Hell;
3. They believed that they should punish
severely anyone they thought to be
sinning, or else they themselves
would incur God's wrath;
4. They believed in following the Ten
Commandments;"
5. They believed sinners should be
excluded from "The Church" and from
government.
Term
#49) Why did King James I dissolve the Virginia Company of London in 1624?
 Definition
He appointed a commission to investigate the treatment of the settlers and the commission discovered they were "being sold back and forth like horses," so the King took over the government of the colony himself. To the settlers, however, it did not seem that King James I was really looking out for the indentured servants' welfare. It was believed that he felt threatened by the existence of democractic government in the colonies and he wanted to put a stop to it before it "contaminated" life in England and undermined his own power.
Term
#50) When King James I took over the colony, what did he think about the newly established House of Burgesses?
 Definition
King James I abolished the House of Burgesses in 1624 and appointed governors to rule in his name. His son, his successor, King Charles I, refused to recognize the House of Burgesses until 1639. However, in 1629, assemblies of representatives again began meeting in Virginia and have ever since.
Term
#51) What are the "Separatists"?
 Definition
They were the unsatisfied members of the Church of England who secretly began their own churches. The Pilgrims were "Separatists," which is why they came to the New World.
Term
#52) What was the Pilgrims' plan for their settlement?
-- How were they financed?
-- How were they traveling?
-- Where were they heading?
-- Where did they end up?
-- When did they get there?
 Definition
They were poor people who wanted to set up a township dedicated to their own religious views. They had no money for passage, so they indentured themselves to a group of British merchants for seven years. They sailed for the Chesapeake Bay area iin the Mayflower in 1620, but ended up at Cape Cod in what was to become Massachusetts and decided to settle there. They began a settlement called Plymouth, named after the British port from which they had embarked.
Term
#53) Who was William Bradford?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
Before landing in 1620, the Pilgrims established a governing document called the "Mayflower Compact." They elected John Garver to be governor of the colony, but he died within a year, so they elected William Bradford, who ws re-elected nearly every year until his death in 1657.
Term
#54) What was the "Mayflower Compact"?
-- When and where was it created?
-- Why was it important to the development of the later US government?
 Definition
It was created in 1620 aboard the Mayflower as the Puritans planned out their lives in Plymouth. It said:
1) the basic rules (legal and political) of the colony;
2) The idea that the power to govern generates from the consent of the people (this ideal later served as the foundation for the Declaration of Independence), and not from the divine right of kings.
Term
#55) What did the term "freeman," mean in 17th and 18th century America?
 Definition
It meant a man who had the right to vote for representatives to the assembly in his colony because he owned land in the colony.
Term
#56) Who was John Winthrop?
-- What did he do and when did he do it?
 Definition
He was the elected governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony's government in Boston, from 1631 - 1634 & from 1637 - 1649. He had a harsh policy toward the Indians. He did not believe in democracy. He also did not believe in the separation of church and state.
Term
#57) Who was Roger Williams?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He arrived in Boston in 1631. He was a strongly opinionated Separatist. He was finally exiled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He founded Rhode Island with others who held the same religious beliefs. He believed iin the separation of church and state. He rejected all organized religions.
Term
#58) Who was Anne Hutchinson?
-- What did she do?
-- When did she do it?
 Definition
She was an original thinker who accused the Puritan religious leaders of heresy. They banished her (in 1637)to Rhode Island with Roger Williams.
Term
#59) What did the early people of New England do to grow economically successful?
 Definition
They became farmers, cattle ranchers, they cut timber, and built and sailed ships. By the mid 1640's they were sailing in merchant vessels all around the Caribbean and even to the Mediterannean.
Term
#60) Who was Lord Baltimore?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He was a British nobleman (George Calvert)who was given a family charter (1630s)(to be handed down to his descendants) for 10,000,000 acres. It became the colony of Maryland, where freedom of religion and separation of church and state were honored. Maryland was named after King Charles I's wife, Mary.
Term
#61) What was the "Maryland Toleration Act of 1649"?
 Definition
It was a law securing freedom of worship for all Christians,, whether Catholic or Protestant, as long as they believed in the Trinity (God the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit).
Term
#62) Who was Squanto?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He was a member of the Wampanoag tribe which was living in the land where the Puritans landed in 1620. He knew English because he had been captured and imprisoned in England for several years. He helped the Puritans survive their first winter and to learn the skills necessary to make it in the New World.
Term
#63) Why did the overwhelming flow of colonists from England cease almost completely from 1640 - 1660?
-- Who was Oliver Cromwell?
 Definition
Cromwell was the leader of the "Glorious Revolution" in England. He helped depose Charles I. He was a great military leader and he helped pull together the competing rebel groups to form a civil government. He introduced elections, religious tolerance and the first British parliament. He died in 1658 and his government fell, to be replaced by another king, Charles II. Because of this revolution, few people wanted to leave England for the colonies, hoping for freedom in England instead of having to leave to find it.
Term
#64) What were the "Salem Witch Trials"?
-- Where were they and when did they happen?
 Definition
In 1692, government authorities in the Massachusetts Bay Colony heard many complaints of witchcraft in Salem. More than 175 people were arrested. Twenty-two people (mostly women) were executed. Most historians believe group rivalries and class resentment were major factors. The trials caused many to look askance at the religious government of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Term
#65) What was the "Enlightenment"?
-- When and where did it happen?
-- How was it important to the development of government in North America?
 Definition
The Enlightenment was an attitude, a method of thought that was developing in Europe from the mid-1600s to the French Revolution in 1789. It's premises were: 1) a faith in the power of human reason; 2) a belief in unending progress, both technologically and morally; 3) a push toward universal education; 4) a quest for truth; 5) a rejection of organized religion; 6) a focus on improving this life, not waiting until heaven to find happiness. These ideas were VERY influential to Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin and other founding fathers.
Term
#66) Who was Jean Jacques Rousseau?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
(1712 - 1778) He:
1) was a French philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment;
2) was a friend of Denis Diderot and wrote for his Encyclopedia;
3) believed that "civilization" has corrupted mankind and thatour primitive, natural state was our most noble;
4) wrote the "Social Contract," which developed a case for civil liberties and against the Divine Right of Kings, leading to the American and French revolutions.
Term
#67) Who was René Descartes?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
(1596 - 1650) He was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician. He:
1) was the father of modern philosophy;
2) believed nothing to be true, just because an authority or expert asserted it. He sought PROOF;
3) was famous for "Cogito ergo sum." "I think, therefore I am;"
4) developed the use of x2 and y2 in algebra;
5) was the first to classify curves by the equations that produce them.
Term
#68) Who was Spinoza?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
(1632 - 1677) He was a Dutch philosopher who attempted to reduce matter to its most basic element, which he called God.
He:
1) rejected Descartes' assertion that there were two essential substances (mind and body);
2) said these were two aspects of the same substance;
3) agreed with Hobbes that humans are and should be primarily self-interested, but that looking out for others was the best self-interest.
Term
#69) Who was Thomas Hobbes?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
(1588 - 1679) English philosopher and political theorist. One of the first Western thinkers to assert a secular (non-religious) justification for a political state. He:
1) was friends with Descartes;
2) wrote: Leviathan: The Matter, Form, and Power of a Commonwealth Ecclesiastical and Civil;
3) was often on the run from persecution because his ideas of a civil government and against a religious state, were too challenging to them.
Term
#70) Who was John Locke?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
(1632 - 1704) English philosopher, founded the school of Empiricism. He:
1) believed humans should trust the evidence of their senses before they speculate or deduce or imagine;
2) believed that at birth our minds are a "tabula rasa," a blank slate which is then imprinted with all that happens to us;
3) He did not believe we were born with a certain destiny;
4) He argued against the Divine Right of Kings;
5) He argued power resides with the people, not with the state.
Term
#71) Who was Sir Isaac Newton?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
(1642 - 1727) An English physicist, mathematician, and philosopher.
He:
1) was considered to be one of the most important scientists of all time;
2) built the first reflecting telescope;
3) invented calculus;
4) developed methods of scientific deduction and experimentation;
5) developed an equation called "the inverse square law of attraction," which states that the force of gravity is related to the inverse square of the distance between two objects;
6) was asking "why doesn't the moon fall," and saw an apple fall and thought of the law of gravity.
Term
#72) What was the motto of the "Age of Enlightenment," according to the German philosopher, Immanuel Kant?
 Definition
Dare to Know!
Term
#73) Who was Voltaire?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
(1694 - 1778) French writer and philosopher and one of the leaders of the Enlightenment. He:
1) was a brilliant, biting satirist;
2) wrote Candide, a novel mercilessly satirizing organized religious beliefs. He attacked religion for bringing so many evils to innocent people.
Term
#74) Who was Denis Diderot?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
(1713 - 1784) French encyclopedist and philosopher. He:
1) was friends with Voltaire and Rousseau;
2) was a skeptic and had cutting sarcasm;
3) used his Encyclopedia to work against the rule of the Church over rational thought;
4) said, "Man will never be free until the last king is strangled with the entrails of the last priest."
Term
#75) What is theocracy?
-- Where was it practiced in the US?
-- What mode of thinking helped the US Founding Fathers avoid it in our own constitution?
 Definition
A theocracy is a government based on religion and run by religious leaders.
-- The Massachusetts Bay Colony was basically a theocracy. You couldn't vote unless you were a member in good standing of the Congregationalist church.
-- The writers of the Enlightenment helped our Forefathers imagine a government that was separate from religion and that was based on the power of the people and on the rule of law.
Term
#76) Who claimed the entire Mississippi River Valley from the mid-1600s to the early 1800s?
-- What was their main city?
 Definition
The French claimed the entire central portion of North America. They named it Louisiana after King Louis XIV. Their largest city was the port city of New Orleans on the Gulf of Mexico.
Term
#77) When was New York City settled and by whom?
 Definition
Originally named New Amsterdam, the island of Manhattan was settled by the Dutch in 1611. It was renamed New York City by the British when they took it from the Dutch in 1664.
Term
#78) Why were many of the colonies called "proprietorships"?
 Definition
Proprietorships were gifts of land from the King to an individual for some service rendered or an association rewarded. The individual could then sell parcels of land or give away portions as incentives for people to colonize the area. Maryland, Carolina, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania were proprietorships.
Term
#79) Who was William Penn?
-- What did he do?
-- When did he do it?
 Definition
He was granted the proprietorship of Pennsylvania in 1681. He was a Quaker who made his colony a place of religious freedom for Christians. Quakers believed every person had an "Inner Light" and if we lived by it, we would be saved. They avoided anything relating to pride and refused to honor one another by bowing or kneeling, which had both been required when in the presence of kings or nobles. They refused to make war. William Penn fought for the right of all English subjects to worship as they pleased and to govern themselves.
Term
#80) What country did the Dutch settlers come from?
 Definition
They came from Holland, also known as "The Netherlands."
Term
#81) Who founded New Orleans?
 Definition
French settlers who came down the Mississippi River from the Great Lakes and Canada.
Term
#82) Who were Jacques Marquette, Louis Joliet and René Robert?
-- What did they do?
-- When did they do it?
 Definition
They (Marquette and Joliet) traveled west from Quebec and south along the Mississippi River to Arkansas. Eight years later, Robert completed the Mississippi journey to the Gulf of Mexico, claiming all the lands west of the Mississippi and east of the Rocky Mountains for King Louis XIV. It was call the Louisiana Territory.
Term
#83) What were the three main occupations of French immigrants to the New World?
 Definition
They were fur trappers, traders with the Indians and missionaries who came to the New World to convert the Indians to Christianity.
Term
#84) Where did the French initially settle in the New World?
 Definition
In Canada, in Quebec.
Term
#85) What was the first major slave uprising in America?
-- When was it?
-- How were the captured slaves treated?
 Definition
The Stono Uprising occurred in 1739 (outside of Charleston, SC). Some escaping slaves liberated all the other slaves they could find. Almost 100 slaves managed to escape to Florida, but were captured there, returned to South Carolina and executed.
Term
#86) Who settled South Carolina and why did this bring large amounts of slavery to America?
 Definition
Englishmen who had previously colonized Barbados and the other Caribbean islands settled South Carolina. The main export of the Caribbean islands was sugar, produced on large plantaions and grown and harvested by African slaves.
Term
#87) Who settled the northern part of North Carolina in the 1600s?
 Definition
Farmers from settlements in VA, who were seeking more land, settled North Carolina.
Term
#88) What was life like for Christians and non-Christians in Pennsylvania?
 Definition
Different sects of Christianity had complete freedom to follow their beliefs. However, non-Christians could not vote or hold office.
Term
#89) Who owned Pennsylvania in the late 1600s?
 Definition
William Penn, a Quaker who offered total religious freedom for Christians, was given Pennsylvania by the British king, as a proprietorship.
Term
#90) Who owned Maryland in the 1600s?
 Definition
Lord Calvery, also known as Lord Baltimore, was given Maryland as a proprietorship.
Term
#91) What was a "proprietorship" in the New World?
 Definition
A proprietorship was a large landholding given away as an award to private individuals by the monarchs of Europe.
Term
#92) When did the British take over the New York colony?
 Definition
In 1664, the British took over New York with little Dutch resistance.
Term
#93) Where were some other Dutch settlements in the New World in the 1600s?
 Definition
The main Dutch settlements in the New World in the 1600s were in Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania.
Term
#94) What was the main Dutch settlement in the New World in the 1600s?
 Definition
The main Dutch settlement in the New World in the 1600s was the colony of New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island in New York.
Term
#95) Approximately how many slaves were in America by the end of the Revolutionary War?
 Definition
Approximately 700,000 slaves were in the New World by the end of the Revolutionary War.
Term
#96) What kind of labor did the slaves do in the Chesapeake region?
 Definition
The slaves in the Chesapeake region did back-breaking labor in tobacco, rice and indigo plantations.
Term
#97) What was the slaves' journey from Africa to America called?
 Definition
The slaves' journey from Africa to the New World was euphemistically called, "The Middle Passage." At least 20% of the slaves brought from Africa did not survive the voyage. Many died because of the harsh conditions on board, and many jumped overboard in despair.
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