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| Declaration of the Rights of Man |
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What: A Fundamental Document of the French Revolution. When: August 26, 1789 Where: France Significance: A fundamental document of the French Revolution, defining the individual and collective rights of all the estates of the realm as universal. |
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| Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy |
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What: A Dual-Monarchy When: May 29, 1867 Where: Austria-Hungary Significance: The Dual Monarchy established by the Compromise was intended as an interim solution, but it lasted for 50 years until 1918, when it was dissolved in the aftermath of World War I. |
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What: A Conference of Ambassadors of European States When: September, 1814 to June, 1815 Where: Vienna Significance: Its objective was to redraw the continent's political map and settle the many other issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars, and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. |
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Who: Austrian Psychiatrist When: 1856-1939 Where: Worldwide Significance: His theories of the unconscious mind and the defense mechanism of repression and for creating the clinical practice of psychoanalysis. |
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| Maximillien "The Incorruptable" Robespierre |
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Who: Best-known Figures of the French Revolution When: 1758-1794
Where: France Significance: Influential member of the Committee of Public Safety and was instrumental in the Reign of Terror period that ended with his arrest and execution in 1794. |
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| The New Woman (la femme nouvelle) |
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What: An association When:1934 Where: France Significance: |
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Who: English Political Economist and Demographer. When: 1766-1834 Where: England Significance: "The power of population is indefinitely greater than the power in the earth to produce subsistence for man." |
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Who/What:A general assembly consisting of representatives from all but the poorest segment of the French empire. When: May 5, 1789 Where: Versailles, France
Significance: The independence from the Crown which it displayed paved the way for the French Revolution. |
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What: One of the world's most influential political manuscripts. When: February 21, 1848 Where: Europe Significance: It was the blueprints to Communism. |
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Who: Russian Literary Figure When: 1791-1859 Where: Russia Significance: Remembered for his semi-autobiographical tales of a landlord's family life, hunting, fishing, and butterfly collecting. |
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What: Nietzsche's Second Book When: 1886 Where: Germany Significance: Attacks past philosophers for their alleged lack of critical sense and their blind acceptance of Christian premises in their consideration of morality. The work moves into the realm "beyond good and evil" in the sense of leaving behind the traditional morality which Nietzsche subjects to a destructive critique in favor of what he regards as an affirmative approach that fearlessly confronts the perspectival nature of knowledge and the perilous condition of the modern individual. |
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Who: Polymath, English philosopher, prominent classical liberal political theorist, and sociological theorist of the Victorian era. When: 1820-1903 Where: England Significance: developed an all-embracing conception of evolution as the progressive development of the physical world, biological organisms, the human mind, and human culture and societies. |
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Who: Playwright and Political Activist When: 1748-1793 Where: France Significance: Wrote Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (1791)Beheaded for attacking Robespierre. |
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What: An essay by George Orwell When: Autumn 1936 Where: Britain / Burma Significance: "Shooting an Elephant" means a call to end imperialism. |
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What: Darwin. A landmark work in Evolutionary Biology When: November 24, 1859 Where: Europe (Published in London) Significance: Natural Selection. Full title is On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. |
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Who: King of France When: 1771-1792, 1792-1793 Where: France Significance: Ruled as and of Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then as King of the French from 1791 to 1792. Suspended and arrested during the Insurrection of 10 August, he was trialed by the National Convention, found guilty of treason, and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793. He was the only king of France to be executed. |
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What: A Political Philosophy When: Where: Worldwide Significance: Considers individual liberty and equality to be the most important political goals. |
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What: A Medieval Fortress & Prison When: July 14, 1879 Where: Paris, France Significance: Its fall was the flashpoint of the French Revolution, and it subsequently became an icon of the French Republic |
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What: An ideology, sentiment, culture, or a social movement that focuses on the nation. When: Late 18th Century Where: France / Europe Significance: The ideology that fueled the French Revolution. |
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Who: A French poet, playwright, novelist, essayist, visual artist, statesman, human rights activist and exponent of the Romantic movement in France. When: 1802-1885 Where: France Significance: Is sometimes identified as the greatest French poet. Les Misérables and Hunchback of Notre Dame. |
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| Pan-Slav Congress (June 1848) |
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What: Congress with Slavic states When: June 2 - June 12, 1848 Where: Significance: It was one of the few times that voices from all Slav populations of Central Europe were heard in one place. The meeting was meant to be a show of resistance to German nationalism in the Slav lands. |
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Who: Italian Patriot, Philosopher and Politician. When: 1805-1872 Where: Italy Significance: His efforts helped bring about the modern Italian state in place of the several separate states, many dominated by foreign powers, that existed until the 19th century. He also helped define the modern European movement for popular democracy in a republican state. |
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| Frankfurt Parliament (May 1848) |
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What: First freely elected parliament for Germany When: May 18, 1848 - May 31, 1849 Where: Frankfurt, Germany Significance: Major elements of the Frankfurt Constitution became models for the Wiemar Constitution of 1919 and the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany of 1949. |
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Who: German Philosopher and Political writer. When: 1802-1880 Where: Germany Significance: In the revolutionary movement of 1848, he organized the Extreme Left in the Frankfurt parliament. |
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Who: Political Activist When: 1858-1928 Where: United Kingdom Significance: Leader of the British suffragette movement. Widely criticized for her militant tactics. |
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Who: Socialist Writer and Activist When: 1803-1844 Where: France Significance: One of the founders of modern feminism. |
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Who: Indian Author,Politician,Leader of Punjab When: 1865-1928 Where: India Significance: A leader in the Indian fight for freedom from the British Raj. |
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Who: "Father of Russian Socialism" When: 1812-1870 Where: Russia / France Significance: Founded the Free Russian Press in London. Wrote about Russian politics. |
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