Term
|
Definition
Made in 1968 to the Polish Communist Party
said that anyone who interfered with communism was going down
USED TO JUSTIFY INVASION OF CZECHSLOVAKIA
INVASION OF HUNGARY |
|
|
Term
| many outsiders praised communism. WHY? |
|
Definition
| russia had the biggest sacrifice (deaths) in WWII--20 million died. the war began because of nationalistic feelings, so they wanted something that could minimize/eliminate those feelings and communism was the only thing capable of doing so |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the incredible lightness of being |
|
|
Term
| Kundera's the unbearable lightness of being SUMMARY |
|
Definition
| Kundera begins the passage discussing a concept he refers to as "eternal return." This concept describes a (hypothetical) idea of what life would be like if history repeated itself continually. Kundera discusses how moments of history are reviewed with reverence and nostalgia because they happen once. We look back at them more fondly than when we are living through them. He gives the example of the French Revolution, mentioning a revolutionist who runs around chopping heads off. If this bit of history experienced "eternal return," and the revolutionist continued to resurface cutting heads off. The revolution would not be as groundbreaking. But instead, every moment of history only happens once. If every moment repeats, Nietzche explains that there would be an unbearable burden for each action or decision. |
|
|
Term
| kundera's unbearable lightness of being continued |
|
Definition
| Tomas meets and falls in love with Tereza, all the while he feels confused and at a loss for why he loves her. He is fired from his job as a surgeon because a piece that he writes and publishes is displeasing to the Communist govt. Tomas takes up window washing after he leaves the hospital. One day a man and Tomas's son ask him to sign a petition asking the government to PARDON? political prisoners. Tomas is hesitant to sign because he thinks the petition will have the opposite effect. He worries that his rights will be taken away. Most of all, he worries for Tereza and her "shaking hands". If he signs the petition, officials will monitor their lives even more closely and he worries for her security. Tomas decides not to sign the petition. |
|
|
Term
| kundera argues against the concept of eternal return, instead saying that our lives are "light" because each moment only happens once. If each moment only happens once, it might as well not have happened at all. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| life in czech under communism |
|
Definition
Tomas visits his son and the editor and they discuss how their conversation is probably being listened to at that very moment. They joke that at least it will make things easier for future historians.
--people are very depressed and hopeless, the death rate soars after the invasion
--czech cities change their names to russian ones
--when they attend the funeral of a biologist, the scene looks like that of a movie filming. The police have cameras to document who attends.
--obviously the fact that Tomas is removed from his position as a surgeon shows that the govt was very critical of what people wrote and said.
-there is paragraph in the passage where the editor tells Tomas how all artistic/independent/free thinking people have been removed from their jobs and given new ones... |
|
|
Term
| what is Tomas's vision of destiny? (unbearable lightness of being) |
|
Definition
| Actions only happen once, so they might as well not have happened at all. |
|
|
Term
| What is Edward Said's Theory??? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After WWII, many of the european countries lost their status as superpowers, and we're feeling vulnerable. In response their colonies were feeling nationalistic and yearned for independence. The UN was created to stop wars btwn countries, and the two superpowers (the US and Russia) becaume advocates for the liberating of colonies. Ghandi issued a message "quit India" to Great Britain (in the midst of WWii)...india became one of the first countries to become independent, others followed. Africa was decolonized NORTH to SOUTH. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After wwII, and after all these colonies are being liberated, the result is an increase in emmigration of europeans to their home countries. ONE MILLLION FRENCH WENT BACK TO ALGERIA. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Said say about cultural domination? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the difference btwn the occident and the orient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what painting is a prime example of the concept of orientalism? |
|
Definition
DELACROIX's "Women of Algiers in their apartment"
--takes place in a harem?, a place where men aren't allowed
-there's a SENSUAL dimension to orientalism |
|
|
Term
| who is henri matisse and what does he have to do with orientalism? |
|
Definition
| Henri Matisse painted a work called "Zorah on the Terrace". there are different tones of blue, he is inspired by morocco and the "exoticness" of it...this supports the statement that artists were expected to travel to the middle east to witness the exotic landscape in the 19th century |
|
|
Term
| who painted the painting of the women in the harlem that represents the sensual and exotic idea of orientalism?? |
|
Definition
Delacroix.
the painting is called "The women of algiers in their apartment" |
|
|
Term
| premise of Conrad's HEART of DARKNESS (1899--belle epoch) |
|
Definition
Main character is a sailor sailing up the thames river (civilized) searched for another European named Kurtz..... he tells story about his adventures in Congo (a colony of Belgium)
Some argue that Conrad is a racist for the blunt, brutal way he describes the Congo natives. In reality, he is representing the European mindset about the natives at that time. |
|
|
Term
| the guy who criticized Conrad was a Nigerian who in his criticism said.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Said's ideas, and how are they illustrated by DELACROIX's painting and Conrad's novel Heart of Darkness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the French caribbean islands (DOM) were given French citizenship in 1941 (2) in 1957 they were integrated into the EEC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Only one author received the Prix Goncourt--Patrick Chamoiseau |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the european attempts to educate the indians, but upon their education they learn of their inferiority |
|
Definition
Education
LANGUAGE
CULTURE
WAR--they are used in the war and their reward is racial discrimination
COLOR-the white Martiniquan doesnt have to risk his life to attempt to gain acceptance |
|
|
Term
novels published in Martinique and Guadeloupe are published in French publishing houses--controlling them intellectually
they know french history, sometimes more than the French citizen does |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________________ granted the French West Indies french citizenship |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| term used by Winston Churchill to describe how Europe was split into two |
|
|
Term
| when did the berlin wall go up? |
|
Definition
| 1961, to prevent E germans from migrating to the west |
|
|
Term
| people on the outside liked the idea of communism because it supressed nationalism which is something that led to the war. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| communism--classless states, common ownership and means of production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_________ did not exist in communism
(classless societies, equalitarian state, common means of production and ownership) |
|
Definition
| UNEMPLOYMENT didnt exist in communism |
|
|
Term
| 2 U.S presidents address the Berlin wall issue before it comes down. They are? |
|
Definition
*JFK in 1963 "i'm a berliner"
*reagan in 1987 "come to this gate, open this gate" |
|
|
Term
| TREATY OF ROME--what did it do?? |
|
Definition
created the EEC
-luxembourg, w germany, italy, netherlands, belgium, fance |
|
|
Term
| Treaty of Maastricht--(1992) |
|
Definition
| created the EU, the euro, eliminated borders, no internal frontiers |
|
|
Term
| TWO COUNTRIES VOTED AGAINST A CONSTITUTION FOR THE EU |
|
Definition
| France and the Netherlands |
|
|
Term
| founding myth of europe vs. US |
|
Definition
a possible founding myth for europe is that
Zeus fell in love with Europa, kidnaps her
different perspectives on this possible myth:
kundera says it shows that europe has bever been in charge of its own destiny (kidnapping of europa)
OR europa is a symbol of the journey joining one land to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of border controls |
|
|
Term
| What do the 12 stars on the european flag represent? |
|
Definition
| UNITY, SOLIDARITY, and HARMONY 12 monrhs, 12 divisions on the clock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ideas behind the EU were put forward then |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the melody of "ode to joy" by Beethoven |
|
|
Term
| Eu says inflation has to stay below |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
