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Europe Middle Ages
Chapters Nine and Ten Vocabulary Terms
70
History
7th Grade
03/22/2011

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Term
chivalry
Definition
code of behavior for knights
Term
haiku
Definition
a short poem of 17 syllables
Term
eleanor of aquitaine
Definition
became queen of england when she married king henry
Term
serfs
Definition
workers tied to land they lived/worked on
Term
manor
Definition
large estate owned by a knight or lord
Term
william the conqueror
Definition
declared himself king of england after battle near town of hastings
Term
feudalism
Definition
described initially as a win-win situation
Term
vassal
Definition
knight who promised to support a lord in exchange for land
Term
charlemagne
Definition
warrior and king who led the franks, built many schools
Term
benedict
Definition
monk with his own rule named for him
Term
monasteries
Definition
communities of monks
Term
patrick
Definition
saint who helped convert ireland to christianity
Term
middle ages
Definition
lasted from about 500 to 1500
Term
topography
Definition
the shape and elevation of land
Term
role
Definition
an assigned behavior
Term
policy
Definition
a rule or course of action
Term
authority
Definition
power, or the right to rule
Term
spanish inquisition
Definition
priests who punished non-christians, in spain
Term
queen isabella of spain
Definition
helped fund voyages of christopher columbus
Term
reconquista
Definition
efforts to retake spain from the moors
Term
heresy
Definition
opposed teachings of church
Term
black death
Definition
deadly plague that swept through europe from 1347-1351
Term
joan of arc
Definition
teenager who rallied french soldiers to fight england
Term
hundred years war
Definition
conflict between england and france
Term
parliament
Definition
lawmaking body that governs england today
Term
magna carta
Definition
helped to limit the power of king of england
Term
thomas aquinas
Definition
wrote an argument to help prove the existence of god
Term
saladin
Definition
leader of muslim forces during crusades
Term
the holy land
Definition
palestine, where jesus christ lived, preached, and died
Term
crusades
Definition
long series of wars between christians and muslims
Term
excommunicated
Definition
kicked out of church
Term
pope gregory vii
Definition
clashed with emperor henry iv
Term
pope urban ii
Definition
led the roman catholic church
Term
third crusade
Definition
led by saladin and king richard of england
Term
clergy
Definition
church officials, people who worked within/for the church
Term
interest
Definition
fee that borrowers pay for the use of someone else's money
Term
cosimo de medici
Definition
leader of florence, italy's wealthiest family
Term
renaissance
Definition
means "rebirth", and refers to the period that followed Europe's Middle Ages
Term
humanism
Definition
study of the individual human being, as opposed to studying religion
Term
Niccolo Machiavelli
Definition
Wrote a book titled, "The Prince" that gave leaders advice on how they should rule
Term
perspective
Definition
the Renaissance artists technique of showing a three-dimensional scene on a flat surface so that it looked real
Term
Michelangelo
Definition
Renaissance artist who designed buildings, wrote poetry, carved sculptures, and much more, including painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
Term
Leonardo da Vinci
Definition
Considered the ultimate Renaissance man, he was a sculptor, architect, inventor, and engineer. He painted the Mona Lisa
Term
Johan Gutenberg`
Definition
He developed a printing press which used movable type
Term
William Shakespeare
Definition
Considered responsible for creating more than 2,000 words in the English language
Term
Reformation
Definition
A reform movement against the Roman Catholic Church
Term
indulgence
Definition
A paper given by the Pope that excused a person from past sins
Term
Protestants
Definition
Those who sided with Martin Luther and protested against the corruption of the Catholic Church
Term
Catholic Reformation
Definition
The effort to reform the Catholic Church from within
Term
Jesuits
Definition
A religious group created to serve the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church
Term
Saint Ignatius of Loyola
Definition
A Spanish noble who founded the Jesuits
Term
Francis Xavier
Definition
An important missionary who spread Catholicism throughout the world
Term
Huguenots
Definition
French Protestants
Term
Thirty Years War
Definition
Long series of wars that involved many of the countries of Europe
Term
congregation
Definition
A Church assembly
Term
Federalism
Definition
Sharing of power between local governments and a strong central government
Term
Purgatory
Definition
According to Catholics, a place where souls went before they went to heaven
Term
Marco Polo
Definition
Considered one of the greatest travelers in history, he went from Europe to China and back, several times
Term
major trading cities of Renaissance Italy
Definition
Milan, Genoa, Venice, Florence
Term
classical
Definition
referring to the cultures of ancient Greece or Rome
Term
Dante Alighieri
Definition
Wrote a book titled, "The Divine Comedy"
Term
Leonardo da Vinci
Definition
The first person to dissect a human corpse, and create detailed sketches of what he saw
Term
Michelangelo
Definition
Spent over four years bent over a ladder, recreating scenes from the Bible on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
Term
Christian Humanism
Definition
A combination of humanist and religious ideas
Term
Albrecht Durer
Definition
Painter who studied anatomy so that he could paint more realistically
Term
Miguel de Cervantes
Definition
Author who wrote Don Quixote
Term
William Shakespeare
Definition
Wrote Romeo and Juliet
Term
William Shakespeare
Definition
Lived in the country of England
Term
John Calvin
Definition
Taught the concept of predestination: God knew who would be saved even before they were born
Term
Edict of Nantes
Definition
Granted religious freedom in most of France
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