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Eukaryotic, Prokaryotic, and Viruses
Eukaryotic, Prokaryotic, and Viruses
143
Microbiology
Undergraduate 4
09/24/2010

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Cards

Term
EUKARYOTE LITERALLY MEANS....?
Definition
TRUE NUCLEUS
Term
PLANTS, ANIMALS PROTOZOANS, ALGAE, AND FUNGI ARE APART OF WHAT FAMILY?
Definition
EUKARYOTIC FAMILY
Term
THESE HAVE A TRUE NUCLEUS WITH A NUCLEUS MEMBRANE..
Definition
EUKARYOTES
Term
WHAT IS THE NUCLEIC ACID FOUND IN EUKARYOTES?
Definition
DNA
Term
WHAT IS THE  2 DIFFERENT TYPES OF REPRODUCTION ASSOCIATED WITH EUKARYOTES?
Definition
MEIOSIS AND MITOSIS
Term
WHAT REPRODUCTIVE PROCESS INVOLVES A SPERM AND EGG?
Definition
MEIOSIS
Term

TRUE OR FALSE?

DNA IS LINEAR, FOUND IN PAIRS AND DOUBLE STRANDED..

Definition
TRUE
Term
WHICH CELLS ARE LARGER AND MORE COMPLEX THAN ANY OTHER CELLS?
Definition
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Term
WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR LIPID PRODUCTION?
Definition
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Term
WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS?
Definition
RIBOSOMES
Term
WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROTEIN PRODUCTION?
Definition
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Term
WHAT IS THE SPACES IN THE ROUGH ER CALLED?
Definition
CISTERNAE
Term
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF CISTERNAE?
Definition
TRANSPORT MATERIALS FROM THE NUCLEUS TO THE CYTOPLASM
Term
WHAT IS THE STORAGE SITE OF NON-PROTEIN MACROMOLECULES?
Definition
SMOOTH ER
Term
WHAT HAPPENS IN THE GOLGI APPARATUS?
Definition
PROTEINS ARE MODIFIED AND SENT TO THEIR FINAL DESTINATION
Term
PACKETS OF PROTEINS ARE CALLED?
Definition
TRANSITIONAL VESICLES
Term
WHAT IS THE PATH OF PROTEINS?
Definition
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM MAKES TRANSITIONAL VESICLES AND SENDS THEM TO THE GOLGI APPARATUS
Term
WHAT ORGANELLE MODIFIES ENERGY?
Definition
MITOCHONDRIA
Term
WHAT ARE THE INNER MEMBRANE FOLDS CALLED?
Definition
CRISTAE
Term
EVERYONE WITH THE SAME MOTHER HAS WHAT KIND OF DNA?
Definition
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
Term
WHAT IS THE CONTROL CENTER OF A EUKARYOTIC CELL CALLED?
Definition
NUCLEUS
Term
WHAT IS SEPERATED FROM THE CYTOPLASM BY A NUCLEAR ENVELOPE?
Definition
NUCLEUS
Term
WHAT IS FOUND INSIDE THE NUCLEAR PORES?
Definition
NUCLEOPLASM
Term
WHAT IS THE COLLECTION AREA FOR RIBOSOMAL SUBUNITS?
Definition
NUCLEOLUS
Term

WHERE IS THE SITE FOR rRNA SYNTHESIS?

 

Definition
NUCLEOLUS
Term
WHAT IS FOUND INSIDE OF THE NUCLEOPLASM?
Definition
NUCLEOLUS
Term
WHAT IS CHROMATIN MADE OF?
Definition
CHROMOSOMES
Term
WHAT KIND OF PROTEINS ARE ATTACHED TO CHROMOSOMES?
Definition
HISTONE PROTEINS
Term
WHAT ARE CHROMOSOMES?
Definition
LONG, LINEAR DNA MOLECULES
Term
WHEN ARE CHROMOSOMES VISIBLE?
Definition
DURING MITOSIS
Term
WHY IS ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM ROUGH?
Definition
BECAUSE RIBOSOMES  ARE ATTACHED TO THE SURFACE
Term
A STACK OF CISTERNAE IS ALSO KNOWN AS ..
Definition
GOLGI APPARATUS
Term
WHAT HAS A CLOSED TUBULAR NETWORK?
Definition
SMOOTH ER
Term
WHAT DOES NOT FOLLOW A CONTINUOUS NETWORK?
Definition
GOLGI APPARATUS
Term
WHAT ARE 2 THINGS THAT ARE ADDED TO MODIFY PROTEINS?
Definition
POLYSACCHARIDES AND LIPIDS
Term
IF NOT TRANSPORTED OUT OF THE CELL, WHERE IS ANOTHER PLACE THE APPARATUS MAY SEND THE TRANSITIONAL VESICLES?
Definition
LYSOSOMES
Term
WHAT REQUIRES A CONSTANT SUPPLY OF ENERGY?
Definition
CELLULAR ACTIVITY
Term
WHAT HOLDS ENZYMES  AND ELECTRON CARRIERS NEEDED FOR AEROBIC RESPIRATION?
Definition
CRISTAE
Term
WHAT CONTAINS CIRCULAR STRANDS OF DNA?
Definition
MITOCHONDRIA
Term
WHAT CONTAINS PROKARYOTIC-SIZED 70S RIBOSOMES?
Definition
MITOCHONDRIA
Term
THE CYTOSKELETON IS MADE OF WHAT?
Definition
MICROFILAMENTS AND MICROTUBULES
Term

TRUE OR FALSE?

THE CYTOSKELETON DOES NOT WORK WITH ORGANELLES

Definition
FALSE,  IT ANCHORS THE ORGANELLES
Term
THESE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR MOVING CYTOPLASM... THEY APPEAR THIN AND WIREY
Definition
MICROFILAMENTS
Term
THESE ARE RESPONSBLE FOR THE MOVEMENT OF CILIA AND FLAGELLA
Definition
MICROTUBULES
Term
THESE MAINTAIN THE SHAPE OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS WITHOUT WALLS
Definition
MICROTUBULES
Term
THESE TRANSPORT SUBSTANCES WITHIN A EUKARYOTIC CELL
Definition
MICROTUBULES
Term
WHAT DOES PROKARYOTIC LITERALLY MEAN?
Definition
PRE-NUCLEUS
Term
WHAT ARE THE 2 DOMAINS OF PROKARYOTES?
Definition
EUBACTERIA AND ARCHEABACTERIA
Term
WHAT DOES EUBACTERIA AND ARCHEABACTERIA LITERALLY MEAN?
Definition
TRUE BACTERIA AND ANCIENT BACTERIA
Term
WHAT KIND OF PROKARYOTE IS MORE COMMON?
Definition
EUBACTERIA
Term
WHAT KIND OF PROKARYOTE CAN LIVE AT EXTREME TEMPERATURES?
Definition
ARCHEABACTERIA
Term
WHAT IS THE SINGLE MOST DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PROKARYOTE AND EUKARYOTE?
Definition
PROKARYOTES DO NOT HAVE A NUCLEUS OR NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
Term
WHAT KIND OF REPRODUCTION IS INVOLVED WITH PROKARYOTES AND WHAT IS IT CALLED?
Definition
ASEXUAL AND BINARY FISSION
Term
GENE EXCHANGE IS A SEXUAL REPRODUCTION FOUND IN WHAT KIND OF CELLS?
Definition
PROKARYOTES
Term
COCCUS IS WHAT SHAPE?
Definition
ROUND
Term
BACILLUS IS WHAT SHAPE?
Definition
ROD SHAPED
Term

STREPTOCOCCUS APPEARS LIKE WHAT?

 

Definition
CHAINS OF ROUND BACTERIA
Term
STAPHYLOCOCCUS APPEARS LIKE WHAT?
Definition
ROUND IRREGULAR SHAPED CLUSTERS
Term

TRUE OR FALSE?

SPIRILLA IS ALWAYS FOUND IN PAIRS

Definition
FALSE! SPIRILLA IS ALWAYS SINGLE
Term
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE CELL WALL?
Definition
HOLDS THE CELL TOGETHER AND GIVES THE CELL ITS SHAPE
Term
WHAT GIVES RIGIDITY TO THE CELL WALL?
Definition
GLYCAN
Term
GLYCAN CONSISTS OF ....?
Definition
REPEATING SUBUNITS OF DISACCHARIDES.
Term
N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE AND N-ACETYLMURAMIC ACID  ARE JOINED TOGETHER BY AMINO ACID BRIDGES MAKING WHAT?
Definition
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
Term

TRUE OR FALSE?

CELL WALLS OF GRAM + BACTERIA CONTAIN FEW LAYERS OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN

Definition
FALSE! GRAM + BACTERIA CONTAINS MULTIPLE LAYERS OF PTG WHERE AS GRAM - BACTERIA CONTAINS FEW LAYERS OF PTG
Term
WHAT ALLOWS GRAM + BACTERIA TO RETAIN PRIMARY DYE WHEN GRAM STAINING?
Definition
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
Term
THE PEPTIDOGLYCAN IS COVERED BY WHAT?
Definition
LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES AND PROTEINS
Term
WHAT CAUSES GRAM - BACTERIA TO LOSE PRIMARY DYE WHEN GRAM STAINING?
Definition
LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES
Term
WHAT ARE THE ONLY BACTERIA WITH PEPTIDOGLYCAN IN THEIR CELL WALLS?
Definition
EUBACTERIA
Term
MYCOPLASMA IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT KIND OF BACTERIA?
Definition
ARCHEABACTERIA
Term
LACK OF A CELL WALL LEADS TO A VARIATON IN ...?
Definition
CELL SHAPE
Term
WHAT IS A PLASMA MEMBRANE?
Definition
A BILAYER THAT ACTS AS A BARRIER THAT SEPERATES THE CELL STRUCTURES FROM THE ENVIRONMENT
Term
WHAT IS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE COMPOSED OF?
Definition

60% PROTEIN

40% PHOSPHOLIPID

Term
WHAT IS EMBEDDED WITH PROTEINS TO ADD STABILITY TO THE PLASMA MEMBRANE?
Definition
PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
Term
WHAT ACTS AS A SEMI-PERMEABLE BARRIER BETWEEN THE CELL AND THE ENVIRONMENT?
Definition
PLASMA MEMBRANE
Term
WHAT ARE THE 3 MECHANISMS OF MEMBRANE TRANSPORT?
Definition
SIMPLE DIFFUSION, FACILITATED DIFFUSION, AND ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Term
MOLECULES TRAVELING ACROSS A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT FROM AN AREA OF GREATER CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LESSER CONCENTRATION WITH NO ENERGY OR CARRIER PROTEIN INVOLVED IS?
Definition
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
Term
MOLECULES TRAVELING ACROSS A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT FROM AN AREA OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION TO LOWER CONCENTRATION WHERE NO ENERGY IS INVOLVED BUT A CARRIER PROTEIN IS REQUIRED
Definition
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
Term
MOLECULES TRAVELING ACROSS A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT FROM AN AREA OF LOWER CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF GREATER CONCENTRATION WITH  ENERGY AND CARRIER PROTEIN INVOLVED IS?
Definition
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Term
WHAT IS THE SITE OF ENERGY PRODUCTION IN THE PROKARYOTIC CELL?
Definition
PLASMA MEMBRANE
Term
WHAT ARE FOUND IN THE NUCLEOID, LOCATED IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE?
Definition
CHROMOSOMES
Term
A SMALL  EXTRACHROMOASOMAL CIRCULAR DNA MOLECULES IS CALLED
Definition
PLASMID
Term
WHEN REFERING TO THE TERM "EXTRA", IT TYPICALLY MEANS..?
Definition
OUTSIDE OF THE CELL
Term

TRUE OR FALSE?

ONE OF THE FUNCTIONS OF RIBOSOMES IS TO TRANSLATE mRNA TO PROTEIN.

Definition
TRUE
Term
THE JOINING OF RIBOSOME SUBUNITS IS BY A PROCESS CALLED..?
Definition
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Term
THIS AIDS IN BACTERIAL MOTILITY?
Definition
FLAGELLA
Term
THIS APPEARS LIKE A LONG HAIR-LIKE APPENDAGE?
Definition
FLAGELLA
Term
FLAGELLA IS COMPOSED EXCLUSIVELY OF ?
Definition
PROTEIN
Term
FLAGELLA ARE ATTACHED THROUGH THE CELL WALL AND INTO THE PLASMA MEMBRANE BY A ?
Definition
BASAL BODY
Term
MONOTRICHOUS AND PERITRICHOUS ARE EXAMPLES OF ?
Definition
FLAGELLA ARRANGEMENT
Term
CHEMOTAXIS IS ?
Definition
DETECTION OF CHEMICAL SIGNALS
Term
WHAT MOVES CELLS IN THE DIRECTION OF FAVORABLE STIMULUS?
Definition
POSITIVE CHEMOTAXIS
Term
MOVING CELLS AWAY FROM REPELLENT IS ?
Definition
NEGATIVE CHEMOTAXIS
Term
FIMBRE ARE COMPOSED OF ?
Definition
PROTEINS
Term

TRUE OR FALSE?

THE FUNCTION OF FIMBRE IS ADHERENCE OF BACTERIA TO SURFACES.

Definition
TRUE
Term
WHAT INCREASES PATHOGENICITY?
Definition
ADHERENCE
Term
PILI ARE COMPOSED OF ?
Definition
PROTEIN AND LIPIDS
Term
WHAT ARE THICKER THAN FIMBRE AND GENERALLY FEWER IN NUMBER PER CELL?
Definition
PILI
Term
WHAT IS INVOLVED IN THE EXCHANGE OF GENETIC MATERIAL BETWEEN CELLS?
Definition
PILI
Term
COMPACT, GELATINOUS LAYERS ARE CALLED?
Definition
CAPSULES
Term
THIS PROTECTS BACTERIA FROM HOST IMMUNITY?
Definition
CAPSULE
Term
The engulfing and ingestion of bacteria or other foreign bodies is ?
Definition
Phagocytosis
Term
LOOSE, DIFFUSED LAYERS ARE CALLED?
Definition
SLIME LAYERS
Term
LAYERS OF MICROSCOPIC ORGANISMS THAT COVER THE SURFACE OF AN OBJECT ARE ?
Definition
BIOFILMS
Term
"MICROBIAL CITY" REFERS TO ?
Definition
BIOFILMS
Term
THESE ARE RESISTANT STRUCTURES?
Definition
ENDOSPORES
Term
THESE ARE PRODUCED WHEN ENVIRONMENTS ARE UNFAVORABLE FOR CELLULAR GROWTH ?
Definition
ENDOSPORES
Term
ENDOSPORES ARE PRIMARILY FORMED BY THESE 2 GENUSES?
Definition
BACILLUS AND CLOSTRIDIUM
Term
HOW MANY STAGES ARE THERE IN ENDOSPORE FORMATION?
Definition
9
Term
IN WHICH STAGE OF THE ENDOSPORE FORMATION IS THE VEGETATIVE CELL RESTORED?
Definition
9
Term
AT WHICH STAGE OF THE ENDOSPORE FORMATION DOES THE ENDOSPORE BECOME HEAT RESISTANT?
Definition
6
Term
AT WHICH STAGE OF THE ENDOSPORE FORMATION IS THE SPORE RELEASED ?
Definition
7
Term
INFECTIOUS AGENTS THAT CONTAIN NUCLEIC ACID AS ITS GENETIC MATERIAL ARE CALLED?
Definition
VIRUS
Term
WHAT DOES AN INTRACELLULAR VIRUS DO?
Definition
IT CAN CARRY OUT REPRODUCTION AT THE EXPENSE OF THE HOST CELLS METABOLISM.
Term
WHAT DOES AN EXTRA CELLULAR VIRUS DO?
Definition
CANNOT REPLICATE BUT CAN BE TRANSFERRED FROM ONE HOST TO ANOTHER
Term
TRUE OR FALSE? DNA AND RNA ARE FOUND IN THE SAME VIRUS.
Definition
FALSE, THEY CANNOT BE FOUND IN THE SAME VIRUS.
Term

TRUE OR FALSE?

VIRUSES ARE INTRACELLULAR INFECTIOUS AGENTS.

Definition
TRUE
Term

TRUE OR FALSE?

VIRUSES HAVE THE ABILITY TO SYNTHESIZE ITS OWN ATP.

Definition
FALSE, THEY DO NOT HAVE THE ABILITY TO SYNTHESIZE ITS OWN ATP.
Term
A PROTEIN COAT SURROUNDING THE NUCLEIC ACID IS CALLED ?
Definition
CAPSID
Term
WHAT ARE THE SMALLER SUBUNITS CALLED THAT MAKE UP A CAPSID?
Definition
CAPSOMERES
Term
LIPID LAYER THAT SURROUNDS THE CAPSID IS CALLED?
Definition
ENVELOPE
Term

TRUE OR FALSE?

ALL VIRUSES HAVE AN ENVELOPE

Definition
FALSE
Term
VIRUSES THAT ARE NOT SURROUNDED BY AN ENVELOPE ARE CALLED?
Definition
NAKED VIRUSES
Term
THE 3 MAIN SHAPES OF A VIRUS ARE CALLED?
Definition
ICOSAHEDRAL, HELICAL, AND COMPLEX
Term
HOW MANY SIDES DOES A ICOSAHEDRAL VIRUS HAVE?
Definition
20 SIDES
Term
A REPLICATION CYCLE UNDERGONE BY VIRULENT VIRUSES IS CALLED A ?
Definition
LYTIC CYCLE
Term
HOW MANY STAGES ARE INVOLVED WITH THE LYTIC CYCLE?
Definition
5
Term
TRUE OR FALSE? THE LYTIC CYCLE CAUSES DAMAGE TO THE HOST.
Definition
TRUE
Term
TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACID, CAPSID SYMMETRY, PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ENVELOPE, SIZE,TYPE OF INFECTION CAUSED, AND TYPE OF HOST INFECTED ARE WAYS TO CLASSIFY ?
Definition
VIRUS
Term
WHAT ARE THE FIVE STAGES OF THE LYTIC CYCLE?
Definition
ADSORPTION, PENETRATION,REPLICATION ASSEMBLY, AND RELEASE
Term
WHAT HAPPENS IN THE ADSORPTION STAGE OF THE LYTIC CYCLE?
Definition
THE VIRUS ENCOUNTERS SPECIFIC CELL.
Term
WHAT HAPPENS IN THE PENETRATION STAGE OF THE LYTIC CYCLE?
Definition
ENTRANCE OF THE VIRUS OR ITS NUCLEIC ACID IN THE HOST CELL
Term
PENETRATION IS ACHIEVED BY 2 DIFFERENT MECHANISMS, THEY ARE CALLED?
Definition
ENDOCYTOSIS OR MEMBRANE FUSION
Term
WHAT HAPPENS IN THE ASSEMBLY STAGE OF THE LYTIC CYCLE?
Definition
THE ASSEMBLING OF THE REPLICATED VIRAL COMPONENTS INTO AN INTACT, MATURE VIRUS
Term
WHAT HAPPENS IN THE RELEASE STAGE OF THE LYTIC CYCLE?
Definition
THE HOST CELLS BURST AND RELEASE VIRUSES TO THE OUTSIDE ENVIRONMENT.
Term
THE TIME IT TAKES TO COMPLETE THE LYTIC CYCLE FROM ADSORPTION TO RELEASE IS CALLED WHAT?
Definition
BURST TIME
Term
THE NUMBER OF NEW VIRUSES RELEASED AT THE END OF THE LYTIC CYCLE IS CALLED?
Definition
BURST SIZE
Term
THE REPLICATION OF A TEMPERATE VIRUS IS CALLED?
Definition
LYSOGENY
Term
LYSOGENY BEGINS WITH THE ?
Definition
LYTIC CYCLE
Term
SMALL, CIRCULAR, SINGLE STRANDED RNA ARE CALLED?
Definition
VIROIDS
Term
PROTEINATIOUS INFECTING AGENTS THAT CAUSE A SLOW DEGENERATIVE DISEASE ARE?
Definition
PRIONS
Term
WHAT DOES A PRION ONLY CONTAIN?
Definition
PROTEIN
Term
HOW ARE PRIONS MADE?
Definition
PRIONS ARE MADE FROM A MUTATED GENE ON THE HOST CHROMOSOME THAT CODES FOR A NORMAL NEUROLOGICAL PROTEIN
Term

TRUE OR FALSE?

VIROIDS ARE NAKED VIRUSES (MEANING THEY CONTAIN NO ENVELOPE)

Definition
TRUE
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