Term
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Definition
Part of the Chromaveolates.
Contains 3 major groups: Ciliophora,
Dinoflagellates and Ampicomplexans.
Despite the large morphological differences between the 3 subgroups, alveolates share several morphological features:
A system of abutting membranous sacs, called “alveoli”, positioned beneath the plasma membrane (synapomorphy); the alveoli can be empty (e.g. colpodellids and apicomplexans) or filled with cellulosic material (e.g. thecate dinoflagellates and some ciliates)
Distinct micropores through the cell surface that function in pinocytosis (synapomorphy)
Similar extrusive organelles (e.g. trichocysts)
Closed mitosis
Tubular mitochondrial cristae
- Tree of Life Web Project |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of the Chromaveolates.
Nucleus = Dinokaryon.
Two flagellum - transverse and longitudinal. Second largest group of eukaruotic algae (diatoms no. 1)
Roughly 50% are photosynthetic.
Unicellular.
Cell covering called an amphiesma.
Can cause red tides. |
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Term
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Definition
Unicellular aveolates.
Parasites of animals.
Apicoplast used to penetrate host cells
Spore forming.
Cause diseases including malaria, toxoplasmosis and crytosporidiosis.
Part of the Chromaveolates.
No flagella of other structure for motility. |
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Term
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Definition
Have many short, flagella like structures called cilia.
Part of the Chromaveolates.
Two nuclei: a micronucleus and a macronucleus |
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Term
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Definition
Supergroup containing the Alveolata, Heterokontophyta, Haptophyta, and Cryptophyta.
Part of the bikonts (descendants of a heterotroph with two flagella) along with the Archaeplastida, Rhizaria and Excavata.
Most are autotrophic.
Some are multicellular. |
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Term
| Heterokonts/Stramenophiles |
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Definition
Part of the Chromaveolates.
Unicellar and multicellular members.
Two unequal flagella at some point in their life cycle.
Photosynthetic memnbers have chloroplasts with 4 membranes and typically chlorophyll a and c, along with fucoxanthin - which gives a characteristic golden or brownish color.
Kelp is a Heterokont. |
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Term
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Definition
Part of the Chromaveolates.
Unicellualr.
Photosynthetic.
Common in phyoplankton.
Part of the stramenopile group.
Haptonema strucure - similar to flagella but the arrangment of microtubules and use are different |
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Term
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Definition
Part of the Chromaveolates.
Mostle amoeboid, unicelluar and with pseudopods.
Many have internal or external shells.
Contains 3 mjor groups: foraminiferans, cercozoans, and radiolarians.
Part of the bikont clade - decended from a heterotroph with two flagella. |
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Term
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Definition
Part of the Chromaveolates.
Unicellular.
Flagella present in varying numbers.
Many lack a mitochondria.
Many have a ventral feeding groove |
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Term
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Definition
Part of the Chromaveolates.
Algae, common in fresh water
Two flaella.
Have ejectisomes to propel them away from disturbances. |
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Term
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Definition
Part of the Chromaveolates.
Multicellar.
Most all are marine.
Pigment fucoxanthin gives a brownish color.
Chloroplasts use chlorophyll a and c.
Part of the stramenopile group |
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Term
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Definition
Part of the Chromaveolates.
Unicelluar.
Photosynthetic.
Part of the stramenopile group.
Glassy cell walls in 2 parts. |
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Term
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Definition
Part of the Chromaveolates.
Water molds and downy mildews.
"egg fungi" - forms large round oogonia with the female gamete inside.
Cell wall composed of cellulose and hydroxyproline.
Absorb food from surrounding water or parasitic.
Caused the potato blight in Ireland in the late 1800's - almost a million people died of starvation. |
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Term
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Definition
Part of the excavates.
Unicellar.
Flagellate.
Cause of African sleeping sickness, Chaga's disease and leichmaniasis.
Have a kinetoplast - contains copies of circular DNA in a disk shaped structure. |
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Term
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Definition
Flagellate excavates.
Mitochondria have disk-shaped cristae.
Pellicle of protein strips under the plasma membrane giving the cell its shape. |
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Term
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Definition
Colorless excavates.
Marine and fresh water amoebae.
Can transform between flagellate, amoeboid and encysted stages. |
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Term
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Definition
Unicellular, amitochondriate excavtes.
Flagella in one or more clusters near the anterior end
Most are symbiotic in animals. |
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