Term
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Definition
| _______ are hard to kill because they are too similar to our cells |
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Definition
| there are >100,000 species of ______, but only 20 are pathogenic to humans. |
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Definition
| Fungi Characteristics:_______ have a very common shape that we are familiar with. |
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Definition
Fungi Characteristics:
_______ are single celled and oval shaped. |
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Definition
Fungi Characteristics:
_____ are filamentous or hyphiae. A mass of hyphiae is knwon as MYCELIUM. |
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Term
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Definition
Fungi Characteristics:
-depends on the enviroment
Yeast <----> Mold
-yeast at body temp.
-mold at room temp.
***MOST FUNGI PATHOGENS ARE THIS! |
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Term
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Definition
Fungi Nutrition:
To grow, Fungi prefer a ____ ____ environment. |
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Term
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Definition
Fungi Nutrition:
Fungi tend to resist ______ _____. This is a factor of it's cell wall. |
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Term
| Increased salt, Increased Sugar, & H2O. |
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Definition
Fungi Nutrition:
Fungi can tolerate ___(1)___, ___(2)___, ___(3)___. This is a factor of it's cell wall. |
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Definition
Fungi Nutrition:
Fungi can grow in ___ moisture. This is a factor of it's cell wall. |
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Definition
Fungi Nutrition:
They tend to secrete ______ _____ to absorb nutrients. Pathogens do this but to break down cells. There are a wide range of these abilities. |
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Term
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Definition
| The fungi cell wall is composed typically of ______; a very protective, highly supportive, hard to break down substance. |
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Term
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Definition
| In place of our Cholesterol, Fungi have ________ in their Cell Membranes. |
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Term
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Definition
True or False:
Fungi have the same phospholipid bilayer and proteins in their Cell Membrane. |
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Definition
| Like our Ribosomes (site of protein synthesis), Fungi have ____. Because of this the Ribosomes should be the target of antibiotics only in a LAST CASE SCENARIO. |
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Term
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Definition
Fungi Treatment Targets:
-We target this to block Chitin synthesis, as it is not made in the human body. |
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Term
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Definition
Fungi Treatment Targets:
-We attack the synthesis of ______ or block the incorporation of it into the cell membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
Fungi Treatment Targets:
In many cases, ______ ______ is the problem being caused by the Fungi.
They can be:
-Aflatoxins(Neurotoxins): where a pin prick amount is deadly
-Ergot
-Psychotrohpic Agents that cause hallucinations. |
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Term
| Growth, Form, and Type of Infection |
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Definition
Fungi are classified by these three things:
(1) ______
(2) ______
(3) _____ __ _______. |
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Term
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Definition
_____ are single celled Fungi that may have capsules. If they have capsules, they are much more pathogenic.
-Cryptococcus neoformans is an example. |
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Term
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Definition
| Yeast reproduce by _______. |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ are Fungi that have hyphae/mycelium, rapid growth, and reproduce asexually. |
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Term
| Superficial Mycosis/Mycoses |
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Definition
| are fungi that infect the surface of skin or hair. |
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Term
| Cuatneous and subcutaneous mycoses |
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Definition
| are fungi that infect nails and deep layers of skin |
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Term
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Definition
| Fungi that are not pathogenic |
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Term
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Definition
| Zycomycota that get nutrients from dead things. |
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Term
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Definition
Fungi that are plant pathogens (rust, powdering mildew)
-they cause food spoilage
-used to produce antibiotics ex. penicillin. |
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Term
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Definition
| _______ is the study of Fungi |
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Term
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Definition
| and time you see --____ at the end of the word it is FUNGI! |
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Term
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Definition
______ are decomposers; mushrooms that can attack and kill the liver
-Cryptococcus |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ are known as the "imperfect fungi" because they can not sexually reproduce. |
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Term
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Definition
green, dual partnership.
hypahl fungus + cyanobacterium or algae =
______.
--they are photosynthetic |
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Term
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Definition
these are:
-eukaryotic
-unicellular
-lack a cell wall
-free living, so they need NO host
-potential parasites of humans and animals
-prevalent in tropical/subtropical regions
-typically motile via flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia
-various sizes
-require a moist environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Nutrient sources of a _______: typically bacteria, decaying organic material, other _____, or host tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
Life forms of a protozoa:-motile form where it is actively feeding and requires a lot of moisture and food.
-***this stage typically causes infection |
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Term
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Definition
Life forms of a protozoa:
-dormant stage when decreased water and food are in the environment.
-may be airborne
-infective form must be inhaled/ingested, then goes back to trophozoic stage. |
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Term
(1) Intracellular
(2) Extracelular |
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Definition
| If parasites have the ability to cause disease, they may be ___(1)___ or ___(2)___. |
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Term
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Definition
Classes of Eukaryotes: -have no mitochondria
-have mitosomes (remnant of mitochondria)
-spindle shaped, point at one end.
**2 or more flagella at anterior end (head)
ex. Tricomonas vaginalis
Giardia intesinalis |
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Term
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Definition
| remnants of a true mitochondria |
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Term
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Definition
Classes of Eukaryotes:
-have NO mitochondria
-have no microtubules, which make cilia and flagella in a eukary.
-are obligate intracellular parasites
-can have a cyst stage |
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Term
| obligate intracellular parasites |
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Definition
________ _______ _______ must have a host cell to move.
Ex. Microspora |
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Term
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Definition
Classes of Eukaryotes:
______ use cilia for motility
-have 2 nuclei
-ex. Balantidium coli |
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Term
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Definition
| Ciliophora parasites have 2 nuclei, they are: ________ & ________. |
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Term
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Definition
Classes of Eukaryotes:
-are free living forms of parasites that have flagella |
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Term
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Definition
Classes of Eukaryotes:
-are blood parasites that are typically transmitted by blood sucking insects. They have longs slender bodies and undulating membranes. |
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Term
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Definition
| True or False: Bug transmissions have no cyst stage because they always have a host. |
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Term
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Definition
Classes of Eukaryotes:
-amoebas. Move by pseudopodia |
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Term
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Definition
Classes of Eukaryotes:
-are transmitted by insects |
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Term
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Definition
Classes of Eukaryotes:
a form of Apicomplexa transmitted by mosquitoes.
types:
vivax
ovale
faciparum (nastiest)
malariae |
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Term
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Definition
Classes of Eukaryotes:
a form of Apicomplexa that are transmitted by ticks.
-these infect RBCs
ex. Toxoplasma gondii
-dangerous to pregnant women cuz of the litter box. |
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Term
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Definition
Classes of Eukaryotes:
______ are multicellular parasitic worms. |
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Term
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Definition
| In worms, the _____ or ____ stage is infective. |
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Term
| Egg -> Larvae -> Adult -> Egg |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Helmiths require _______ hosts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Helmiths use intermediate hosts during the _______ stage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Helmiths use definitive hosts during the _______ stage. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ means that there are separate sexes. In this case, male and female worms. |
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Term
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Definition
| ______ means that worm is hermaphroditic. Both Male/female parts. |
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Term
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Definition
| True or False: Hermaphroditic worms have both parts but still require another worm to mate. |
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Term
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Definition
This is how ________ are grouped:
-shape (flat/round)
-size
-degree of organ development
*nervous system, digestive system, reproductive system etc.
-presence of HOOKS, SUCKERS OR BARBS |
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Term
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Definition
| Another word for a flatworm is _________. |
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Term
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Definition
| Another name for a round worm is a _________. |
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Term
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Definition
| The 3 ways of worm to host attachment are: ___(1)___, ___(2)___, ___(3)___ |
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Term
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Definition
Platyhelminths/Flatworms:-these are also known as flukes.
-They are leaf shaped
-have oral and ventral suckers. |
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Term
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Definition
_____ are named for the organ the infect.
Ex. liver ____ or lung ____. |
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Term
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Definition
Platyhelminths/Flatworms:
-these are another name for tapeworms.
-they have 3 body regions |
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Term
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Definition
3 regions on a ________:
(1) scolex: head
(2) neck: connects head to body
(3)proglottids: body; the farther away the proglottid section the older it is. |
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Term
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Definition
Platyhelminths/Flatworms:
*********** NEED INFO FOR |
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Term
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Definition
Another name for a roundworm is ________.
-They are cylindrical
-They are tapered at one end
& can be Egg infectious or Larvae infectious. |
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Term
Egg Infectious
Larvae Infectious |
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Definition
| Nematodes can be ___(1)___ infectious or ___(2)___ infectious. |
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Term
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Definition
Nematodes/Roundworms:
are also known as Enterobious vermicularis.
They are HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS and cause itching of the anal area. |
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Term
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Definition
| Necatar americanus is a hookworm that is most common in America. It is a ______ infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Larvae penetrate the skin. Typically where at? |
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Term
| Larvae infectious Nematode/roundworm |
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Definition
This is the cycle of a _________________.
through the skin -> into the blood stream -> to the lungs -> cough, then swallow mucus -> into the digestive/GI tract. |
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