living cells found in algae,protozoa,fungi,plants and animals.

Size 10-100 um in diameter

Flagella

• present in both cells
• long and few projections in relation to the size of cell.
• In Eukaruryotes: Cosist of 2 protein building blocks
• In Prokaryotes: Complex, consist of multiple microtubes

• contains sticky carbs
• strengths cell surface
• attach cells together
• contributes to cell-cell recognition

In Eukaryotes: When present, chemically simple,include cellulose and chitin.

In Prokaryotes: Usually present, chemically complex         (includes peptidoglycan)

In Eukaryotes:Sterols and carbohydrates that serve as receptors.

In Prokaryotes: No Carbohydrates and lack sterols

• is the movement of eukariotic cytoplasm from one part of the cell to another.
• helps distribute nutrients
• move the cell to the surface

Ribosomes

In Eukaryotes: Larger size 80s;small size 70s

In Prokaryotes: Smaller size 70s

• they are sites of protein synthesis in the cell
• larger size 80s; smaller size 70s

Chromosome

(DNA)

In Eukaryotes: Multiple linear chromosomes w/ histones.

In Prokaryotes: Single circular chromosome lacks histones.

In Eukaryotes:Mitosis

In Prokaryotes: Binary Fision

Eukaryotes:Meiosis

Prokaryotes: NONE, transfer of DNA only

Eukaryotes: True nucleus consisting of nuclear membrane and nucleoli.Contains almost all the cell's DNA

Prokaryotes: No nuclear membrane or nucleoli

• Only found in Eukaryotic cells
• Spherical bodies found inside the nulear envelope
• singular (nucleolus)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

ER

found in the cytoplasm 

extensive network of flattened membrane sacs

• derived from Golgi complex
• serve as storage for substances like proteins,organic 
• acids etc
• help bring food into the cell
• store metabolic waste and poisons
• take up water 
• enables cell to increase size 

• contains some DNA
• contains 70s ribosomes
• produce the energy currency of the cell
• regulate cellular metabolism
• Krebs Cycle

• only found in Algae and green plants
• contain pigmented chlorophyll and enzymes required for the photosynthesis
• contains 70s choroplasts and some DNA

• contain enzymes that can oxidize organic substances
• help w/ metabolism
• oxidize toxic substances

• is believed eukaryotic cells evolved from Prokaryotic cells 2.5 years ago
• The cell called a nucleoplast may have ingested aerobic bacteria
• This arrangement evolved into symbiotoc relationship in which the nucleoplast supplied nutrients and the bacteria produced energy that could be used by the nucleoplast
• Ex: Eukaryotic Flagella and cilia are believed to be originated from symbiotic associations.
• Pioneered by Lynn Margulis

• Mitochondria and Choroplasts look like bacteria in size and shape
• Contain circular DNA (typical on Prokaryotes)
• organelles can reproduce independently form the host cell
• Mitochondria and Choroplasts ribosomes look like Prokaryotes 
• Prontein Synthesis is similar to the one found in bacteria
• same antibiotic effect that in ribosomes bacteria

Eukaryotes: Present Ex: Lysosomes,Golgi complex,endoplasmic reticulum,mitochondria and choroplasts.

Prokaryotes: Absent