Term
| Sterilization in 1933 Germany |
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Definition
| everyone was at risk if defective; not just those in institutions (druggies, alcoholics, blind, visibly handicapped) |
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Term
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Definition
| bureaucracy that insisted sterilization was ethically justifiable because they were providing for future generations; consisted of 1 lawyer, 2 physicians and 1 genetic expert |
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Term
| Lebensborn program (1936) |
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Definition
| established by Heinrich Himmler who wanted to ensure Germany increased the number of Aryans; preferrable women were recruited to breed with desirable SS officers and gave children up for adoption |
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Term
| Anti-Semitic rules in Germany |
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Definition
| established by Hitler and Himmler; Jews and non-Jews could not be married |
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Term
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Definition
| ordered on ppl in asylums; they were shot initially, then system changed to gasing (more efficient); 70,000 ppl euthanised under original program |
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Term
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Definition
| kids were farmed out to places where they were killed, by starvation or lethal injection |
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Term
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Definition
| Knauer baby - child was blind, missing limbs; parent petitioned to have child killed |
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Term
| rationalization behind euthanasia (3) |
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Definition
1)science and advanced medicine justified movement
2)racial, genetic, economic reasons
3)defective children were occupying beds that German soldiers would need during the war |
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Term
| "Science & the Swastika" (documentary) |
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Definition
| "racial hygiene" (Alfred Ploetz); hygiene museum told Germans it was their duty to be fittest nation; doctors were assigned biological mission |
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Term
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Definition
| Germany's leading eugenicist; supported compulsory sterilization; lead nationwide health program in which rewards were given to those with lots of kids and fines to those without |
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Term
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Definition
| secret training camps for doctors, nurses and midwives |
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Term
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Definition
| Hitler's traveling physician; began "mercy killings" in 1939 with Knauer baby |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that races need to be cleansed because there is a pollution |
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Term
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Definition
1)Nordic
2)Westphalian
3)Alpine |
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Term
| 2 goals of Lebensborn program |
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Definition
1)get rid of racially undesirable children
2)capture racial desirables from other countries, bring them to Germany and have them adopted by fit families |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| "The Healing Wound" by Gitta Sereny |
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Definition
| Sereny was a social worker @ Regensburg Group; responsible for repatriating children back to their homes; decisions were not easy as some kids seemed better off where they were |
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Term
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Definition
VE day: May 8, 1945
VJ day: Aug 14, 1945 |
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Term
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Definition
| committee of experts on race problems; wanted to define "race"; established that all men belong to the same species; races are equals but individuals in them are not; written by panel of anthropologists, biologists and geneticists |
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Term
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Definition
| assisted reproductive technology (includes in-vitro fertilization and artificial insemination) |
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Term
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Definition
| began in 1884; first case w/ man who had semen but no viable sperm; most often used for treatment of male infertility; |
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Term
| artificial insemination in 1930s & 40s |
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Definition
| was a physician-controlled procedure; doctors tried to match characterisitics of donor to that of father; was done privately; donors were often medical students who were intelligent and close to physicians |
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Term
| advantages of freezing sperm |
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Definition
| enhances anonymity because donor doesn't have to be around; can be transported which allows for more shipping; can fine tune ethnic and racial input of donors |
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Term
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Definition
| means "in a glass"; test tube babies; sperm and egg are united in peatri dish; success rate is still poor;, first IVF baby in US 1983 |
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Term
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Definition
| used in IVF to trick ovary into releasing more than one egg, increasing chances of comception |
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Term
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Definition
| "rent a womb"; woman is pad or agrees to carry another's child; legal contracts are drawn up so surrogate has to give baby up |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| posthumous reproduction; post-menopausal fertility; post-sterilization surgical corrections |
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Term
| Human Genome Project (1990-2001) |
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Definition
| mapped out program of human genes (30,000-40,000); now a search for better disgnostic and prognostic tests |
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Term
| genetic testing of fetus' |
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Definition
| reliable in 1980's; required of all fetus' (mass. was first state in 1963); fetus' were tested for PKU |
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Term
| genetic screening programs |
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Definition
| attempts to screen for communicable diseases; only a specific population is targeted |
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Term
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Definition
| tests let you know if you have an above average chance of getting a disease that runs in your family |
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Term
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Definition
| if parent has disease, you can be told if you have a normal or mutated gene for it |
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Term
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Definition
| parents are tested to see if they carry a certain gene |
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Term
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Definition
| fairly universal; fetus is tested before birth; can sometimes cause a miscarriage |
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Term
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Definition
| was believed to only afflict Jews; testing became mandatory for them in 1970; disease noticeable b/t 6-18 months; generally die before age 6; 1:30 is carrier; 1:3000 has disease |
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Term
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Definition
| blood condition that primarily affects African-Americans and Mediterraneans; in 1971, Mass. passed law requiring blood tests for school attendance; 1:12 A-A's is carrier; 1:625 has disease |
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Term
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Definition
| Irish and Europeans most afflicted; 1st disease to have mandatory screening; 1:60 is carrier; 1:12000 has disease |
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Term
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Definition
| 70% of women have it done |
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Term
| pre-implantation genetic diagnosis |
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Definition
1990-has been poosible to examine embryos outside of womb for genetic histroy;
1996-can scan genes within embryos |
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Term
| human embyonic stem cells |
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Definition
| extracted from stem cells; can produce highly differentiated cell's later on; can become any kind of tissue in body; controversial because they are from aborted fetuses |
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Term
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Definition
| you get a genetic replica; a genotype not a phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| similarities in old and new eugenics |
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Definition
| intelligence is still highly regarded; healthy, athletic bodies; optimism for a quick turnaround |
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Term
| differences b/t old and new eugenics |
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Definition
| more vocal opposition now; focus more on embryos than parents; now its a choice - not so in Germany; positive eugenics now rather than negative then |
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Term
| Survival of the Prettiest |
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Definition
| our concept of what is beautiful is biological; human beauty is transcultural and transtemperal; sensitivity to human beauty is profound |
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