The self-conscious, deliberate and rational attempt to order the affairs of the community is called:

A. Estrangement

B. Political socialization.

C. Political tribalism.

D. Political consciousness.

E. Postmodern subjectivity.

According to Benjamin Barber (Jihad vs. McWorld) the two axial principles of our world include which of the

following characteristics?

1. Tribalism

2. Globalism

3. A host of broadly defined religious faiths that encourage interdependence and civic mutuality.

4. A host of economic and technological factors that demand uniformity, conformity, and commercial

homogeneity.

The principle of subjectivity gives rise to which of the following?

1. Estrangement

2. Consciousness of others.

3. A desire to create anew the political “home” that was lost.

4. Consciousness of self.

Tribal societies are characterized by which of the following?

1. Kinship.

2. Instinct and custom.

3. Reason & Law

4. Sacred rituals and taboos.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of individuated (or modern) societies?

A. Associations.

B. Secular.

C. Reason & Law.

D. Kinship.

E. City

Who wrote the following? “After all, the practical reason why, when the power is once in the hands of the

people, a majority are permitted, and for a long period continue, to rule is not because they are most likely to be in the right, nor because this seems fairest to the minority, but because they are physically the strongest."

Which of the following are included in Grigsby’s definition of power?

1. The ability to influence someone to act in a certain way.

2. The exercise of volition (will).

3. The ability to achieve an objective.

4. Altering another’s volition or will.

Which of the following is the BEST definition of a nation?

A. A group of people who share a government and territory.

B. A group of people who share a language and culture.

C. A group of people who are governed by a sovereign.

D. A group of people who share a language and culture and who are conscious of that identity.

E. A group of people who live within a territory and under a common government that has sovereignty.

In ethical theory, if one asks: “what kind of person shall I be?”, what school of ethics is one espousing?

A. Consequentialist ethics.

B. Deontological ethics.

C. Virtue ethics.

D. Situational ethics.

E. Nihilism

Which of the following statements accurately reflect the perspective of Antigone in the play

Antigone?

1. Polynices deserves to be honored with funeral and burial.

2. The higher law of the gods is superior to the laws of the city.

3. The laws of the city, especially as personified by its king, must be obeyed.

4. The only relational ties that matter are those of kinship.

5. If necessary, the laws of the city shall be disobeyed.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the perspective of Creon in the play Antigone?

1. The order of the city must be protected..

2. Antigone has disobeyed the decree of Creon and must be punished.

3. The ties of citizenship, of duty to the city, are inferior to the ties of family.

4. The laws of the men are superior to the laws of the gods.

5. The only relational ties that matter are the bonds of civic friendship and duty.

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately reflect the advice that Haemon gives to his father,

Creon?

A. The citizens of the city are unhappy; they think Creon is being unreasonable.

B. Haemon insists on honoring both brothers and burying them.

C. It is foolish and dangerous to listen only to those who agree with you.

D. Only those with excessive pride think they are always right.

E. Listen to the opinions of others; they possess reason also.

Civil disobedience involves which of the following principles and/or characteristics?

1. If human law does not conform to higher law, it is not just.

2. Unjust law may be disobeyed.

3. One should accept punishment for disobeying unjust laws.

4. The purpose of civil disobedience is to appeal to the conscience of the community.

The narrowing strategies/stances of Creon and Antigone both lack what is often called “practical wisdom.”

Which of the following BEST describes what is meant by “practical wisdom”?

A. The idea of the good must be simple.

B. The good must contain no conflict or contradiction.

C. The good must serve self-interest.

D. The truth about existence is elusive and ambiguous.

Questions about “the things of nature” or about the nature of fundamental reality are called:

A. Sophistic

B. Ontological

C. Metaphysical

D. Philosophical Anthropology

E. Ecclesiastical

To ask about the nature of being is to engage in what kind of inquiry?

A. Metaphysical

B. Ontological

C. Epistemological

D. Anthropological

E. Ecclesiastical

To ask: “How do we know what reality is?” is to engage in what kind of inquiry?

A. Metaphysical

B. Ontological

C. Epistemological

D. Theocratic

E. Ethical

To wonder about the nature of human beings, whether we are free or determined, good or evil, is to engage in

what kind of inquiry?

A. Metaphysical

B. Theocratic

C. Epistemological

D. Philosophical Anthropology

E. Ethical

The view that reality is fundamentally comprised of the unity of form and substance, or what is sometimes

referred to as “potentiality,” was embraced by which of the following thinkers?

A. Marx

B. Plato

C. Nietzsche

D. Aristotle

E. Kant

The notion that reality is fundamentally small, immutable units of matter, indeed matter called “atoms,” was

embraced by which of the following thinkers?

A. Marx

B. Plato

C. Aristotle

D. Socrates

E. Democritus

The notion that reality is fundamentally form or idea was embraced by which of the following thinkers?

A. Aristotle

B. Plato

C. Democritus

D. Kant

E. Nietzsche

Which of the following is the BEST understanding of a normative statement?

A. A statement that is verifiable.

B. A statement of what is.

C. A statement that is not verifiable.

D. A statement of value.

E. An absurd statement.

According to Marx, which of the following is NOT a part of the infrastructure of a society?

A. Productive forces.

B. Productive relations.

C. Law, religion and science.

D. Tools

E. Classes

According to Plato, that yearning we feel to remember what the soul knows about the forms (but has forgotten

when it enters the body) is called:

A. Recollection.

B. Forms.

C. Potentiality.

D. Eros.

E. Thanatos.

According to Kant, one aspect of human nature, namely what he calls homo noumenon, involves which of the

following?

A. The fact that humans are creatures, like all other creatures.

B. The fact that humans are empirical beings.

C. The fact that humans are political by nature.

D. The fact that humans should be treated as means.

E. The fact that humans can reason morally.

Kant’s categorical imperative is BEST summarized by which of the following statements?

A. The nature of human beings depends on their material conditions, on the tools they use to change

nature.

B. Who we are as human beings is essentially a matter of genetics and not of upbringing. Thus

human are no different from other creatures.

C. The sum total of the relations of production in a society, the way we organize our production,

the tools we create, and who owns those tools, is the real basis of our society.

D. Are my actions such that I would will that they should become universal law, applicable to all who act

in the same circumstances?

E. Human beings are essentially irrational and self-interested. Thus, life is solitary, nasty, brutish and

short.

According to Nietzsche, fundamental reality is best described in which of the following ways?

1. Reality is chaos, undifferentiated chaos.

2. It is the unity of form and substance that gives us our identity.

3. All so-called truths are merely interpretations, or perspectives.

4. Interpretations of reality (or intelligible order) are imposed by those who have

the power to do so.

Which of the following comments BEST reflects what is called “postmodern thought?

A. Timeless truths are “metanarratives.”

B. Postmodernism celebrates diversity, tolerance and individual identity.

C. The metanarratives of the West are superior and universal.

D. Postmodernism argues that the problems of our time are due to relativism.

E. Postmodernism practices a hermeneutic of approval.

According to Aristotle, the limitations of politics include which of the following?

A. Human beings are fundamentally self-interested and irrational creatures.

B. The natural condition of human kind is to be oppressed.

C. All political systems are essentially the same, the strong dominating the weak.

D. Knowledge of the good is imprecise and the practice of politics ambiguous.

E. Requiring that all who rule should not own property, so as to avoid conflicts of interest.

Aristotle’s conception of happiness includes which of the following?

1. Euphoria, a “subjective well feeling.”

2. Eudaimonia, living the life of a free, virtuous, and responsible citizen.

3. Ensuring that the philosopher king shall rule the polis.

4. Contemplation, living the life of the philosopher.

The polis is:

1. The Greek city-state.

2. A citadel on a hill, designed for defense of the citizenry.

3. That community in which human potential is fully realized.

Aristotle’s notion of the spoudaious, includes which of the following characteristics?

1. A precise knowledge of the good.

2. A sense of the importance of living life well.

3. A high regard for fulfilling one’s function in society

4. Possessing the reason and experience necessary to make moral decisions.

According to Aristotle, politics seeks the Good or Happiness for its citizens. Which of the following is NOT a

part of that Good or Happiness?

A. The Good in question is self-sufficient.

B. The Good involves distributing wealth equally to all.

C. The Good must be social.

D. The Good must be attainable.

E. The Good is activity of the soul in pursuit of virtue.

Which of the following accurately reflect Aristotle’s view of human nature?

1. Human beings possess an irrational need for nourishment.

2. Human beings possess reason and language.

3. Human beings possess irrational appetites and desires.

4. Human beings possess memory.

According to Aristotle, the principles of virtuous action include which of the following?

1. The act must be of a certain kind.

2. The agent of the act must know what he/she is doing.

3. The agent of the act must choose that act that best serves his/her self-interest.

4. The act must spring from an unchangeable character.

According to Aristotle, sophrosyne or the sophron, includes which of the following attributes?

1. Knowledge that one knows the certainty of the good.

2. A sense of proportionality or balance.

3. A sense of restraint and self-mastery.

4. Soundness of mind.

According to Aristotle, striving for the MEAN involves which of the following?

1. Avoidance of excess.

2. Avoidance of deficiency.

3. Embracing what is most pleasant to us.

4. Paying attention to the context of our decisions.

In Aristotle, what is the difference between intellectual and moral virtue?

1. Intellectual virtues include theoretical reason.

2. Moral virtues include generosity and self-control.

3. Intellectual virtues are taught.

4. Moral virtues are habituated.

According to Aristotle, the proper conduct within society of individuals toward themselves and toward

one another is called:

A. General justice.

B. Retributive justice.

C. Polity.

D. Distributive justice.

E. Democracy.

According to Aristotle, the restoration of balance after wrongs have been committed is best

characterized as:

A. General justice.

B. Distributive justice.

C. Spoudaic justice.

D. Retributive justice.

E. Sophronic justice.

According to Aristotle, a good constitution will do which of the following?

A. Ensure that those who govern are wealthy and virtuous.

B. Eliminate all private property.

C. Ensure that rulers, whether one, few, or many, govern in the interests of all.

D. Eliminate all class distinctions.

E. Ensure that rulers are trained in the technique of power.

Aristotle’s theory of political economy is accurately characterized in which of the following statements?

1. People will tend to seek their own class advantage at the expense of the public good.

2. The philosophical ruling class should own no property.

3. Balance the interests of class, of rich and poor, with a large, stable middle-class.

4. Property is a natural means for us to better ourselves ethically.

Consider the hypothesis: “Students who attend class on a regular basis are more likely to succeed

academically.” What is the independent variable in this hypothesis?

A. Students

B. Attending class.

C. Academic success.

D. Regularity.

E. Class.

Power is the ability to influence an event or outcome. According to Grigsby, which of the following are

examples of the different kinds of political power?

1. Persuasion

2. Manipulation

3. Exchange

4. Force

States often claim for themselves ultimate power over a territory and the people who reside in that territory.

This is called:

A. Legitimacy.

B. Nationalism.

C. Intergovernmental organization.

D. Sovereignty.

E. Socialism

A group of people with a sense of unity based upon shared language, religion, race, religion and/or culture is

called a:

A. State

B. Intergovernmental organization.

C. Multinational corporation.

D. Nongovernmental organization.

E. Nation

According to Grigsby, a confederal state is one that:

A. Concentrates power at the national or central level.

B. Decentralizes power to local offices.

C. Divides power between national and local units.

D. Values its tribal beginnings.

E. Encourages the independence of nongovernmental organizations.

According to Aristotle, what is likely the most effective way of obtaining citizen obedience to the law?

A. Fear.

B. Legitimacy.

C. Habit.

D. Violence.

E. Fairness to all.