Term
A biofilm develops by stacking BLANK on top of another BLANK. |
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Definition
A biofilm develops by stacking one bacterial species on top of another bacterial species. |
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Term
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Definition
the cell-to-cell adherence of one oral bacterium to another |
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Term
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Definition
No, each bacterial strain only has a limited set of bacteria to which they are able to adhere |
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Term
Why is coaggregation important? |
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Definition
it is important in development of the bacterial biofilm |
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Term
What are the first bacteria to colonize a tooth surface? |
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Definition
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Term
When can periodontal pathogens colonize the biofilm? |
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Definition
after nonpathogenic species are attached |
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Term
Where are periodontal pathogens before they are attached to the biofilm? |
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Definition
free-floating in the mouth until early colonizers attach to the tooth |
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Term
How do the early colonizers tell the periodontal bacteria that they can attach to the tooth surface? |
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Definition
they send signals when the conditions are favorable |
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Term
Free-floating bacteria cannot joing the tooth surface until BLANK. |
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Definition
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Term
Is the order of attachment random? |
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Definition
no they go in a specific order like the A-B-C's |
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Term
When can intermediate and late bacterial colonizers join the biofilm? |
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Definition
after the early colonizers are in place on the tooth surface |
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Term
What is an example of a species that are early colonizers? |
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Definition
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Term
Where do streptococcal species have the ability to attach? |
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Definition
to the tooth pellicle and each other |
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Term
Do other early colonizers have the ability to attach to the pellicle? |
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Definition
no, but they can attach/coaggregate with the streptococcal species |
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Term
Are the periodontal pathogens usually early colonizers? |
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Definition
no, they are usually late colonizers |
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Term
Early colonizers adhere to what? |
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Definition
the pellicle coating the tooth |
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Term
Intermediate colonizers coaggregate with what? |
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Definition
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Term
Late colonizers coaggregate with what? |
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Definition
the intermediate colonizers |
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Term
Can planktonic(free floating) periodontal pathogens cause disease? |
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Definition
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Term
When can periodontal pathogens colonize the biofilm? |
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Definition
after nonpathogenic early colonizers attach to the tooth surface |
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Term
What can we do the disrupt the biofilm? |
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Definition
daily self-care, so the biofilm will be constantly reforming |
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Term
What happens each time the biofilm is disrupted? |
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Definition
the process must start over with early colonizers |
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Term
What is the first stage of bacterial colonization? |
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Definition
colonization of the pellicle |
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Term
What bacteria colonizes the pellicle? |
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Definition
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Term
What are two examples of early gram positive bacteria that colonize the pellicle? |
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Definition
-Actinomyces viscosus -Streptococcus sanguis |
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Term
What happens during intermediate coaggregation? |
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Definition
the bacteria begin to multiply |
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Term
What type of bacteria arrive after the initial gram positive ones? |
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Definition
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Term
What are two examples of this gram negative bacteria? |
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Definition
-fusobacterium nucleatum -prevotella intermedia |
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Term
What color does gram negative bacteria stain? Gram Positive? |
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Definition
+ stains purple, - stains red |
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Term
What happens after gram negative bacterial join the biofilm? |
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Definition
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Term
What gram negative bacteria are seen during colonization? |
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Definition
-Porphyromonas gingivalis(PG, Mr.Perio) -Capnocytophaga gingivalis |
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Term
Is the organization of bacteria within a biofilm random? |
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Definition
no, it is organized because there are specific associations among bacterial species |
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Term
What are Socransky's Complexes? |
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Definition
microorganisms grouped into complexes, each complex is assigned a color |
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Term
What are the colors associated with Socransky's Complexes? |
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Definition
green= low risk red= high risk |
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Term
What are these colors based on? |
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Definition
the association with health or disease |
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Term
What are yellow and green associated with? |
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Definition
early colonizers, compatible with gingival health |
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Term
What are orange and red associated with? |
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Definition
thought to be major etiologic agents of perio disease |
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Term
Where does plaque biofilm development begin? |
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Definition
begins supragingivally (near gingival margin) and progresses subgingivally |
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Term
How quickly does the pellicle form after polishing? |
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Definition
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Term
How quickly do early colonizers attach supragingivally? |
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Definition
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Term
How long does it take the surface of the tooth crown to become covered? |
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Definition
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Term
How long does it take for mature supragingival biofilm to form? |
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Definition
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Term
How long does it take subgingival biofilm to form? |
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Definition
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Term
Where are some subgingival attachment zones? |
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Definition
-the root surface(on cementum) -epithelial lining of periodontal pocket |
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Term
Where do tooth associated bacteria attach? |
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Definition
just below the gingival margin almost to the JE |
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Term
What do tooth associated bacteria appear to have the ability to do? |
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Definition
invade dental tubules of the cementum What |
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Term
What shape of bacteria is tooth associated bacteria dominated by? |
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Definition
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Term
Where does tissue associated bacteria attach? |
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Definition
to the epithelium of the pocket wall |
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Term
Are tooth and tissue associated bacteria the same? |
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Definition
no they are distinctly different |
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Term
What can tissue associated bacteria invade? |
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Definition
the gingival connective tissue and can be found on the surface of alveolar bone |
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Term
What shape are tissue associated bacteria? |
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Definition
spirochetes and flagellated bacteria |
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Term
BLANK-associated plaque is the most detrimental to the periodontal tissues. |
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Definition
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Term
In addition to attached bacteria, the peridontal pocket also contains what? |
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Definition
free floating bacteria that are not part of the biofilm |
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Term
What does research show as the primary cause of destruction seen in periodontitis? |
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Definition
the body's immune response |
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Term
What activates the body's immune system? |
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Definition
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Term
What causes the most damage? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a continuous low-grade inflammation occuring 24 hours a day, month after month |
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Term
Are bacteria alone the cause of periodontal disease? |
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Definition
no, it is the relationship between bacteria AND host response that causes tissue destruction in perio |
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Term
What are virulence factors? |
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Definition
mechanisms that enable the bacteria to colonize and invade the tissues of the periodontium |
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Term
Are virulence factors a major cause of periodontal destruction? |
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Definition
no, they are a minor cause of periodontal destruction |
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Term
What is anther name for a diseased sulcus? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the two types of bacterial virulence factors? |
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Definition
1.characteristics of the bacteria 2.products produced by the bacteria |
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Term
What is the 1st bacterial characteristic that determines bacterial virulence? |
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Definition
bacterial invasion factors |
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Term
What do bacterial invasion factors allow? |
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Definition
allow bacterium to actively penetrate the epithelium lining of the pocket wall and enter the gingival connective tissue |
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Term
Where have both gram positive and negative bacteria been found? |
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Definition
in the intercellular spaces of the gingival connective tissue and near the alveolar bone |
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Term
How do bacterium invade the gingival tissues? |
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Definition
through ulcerations within the pocket epithelium |
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Term
What are some bacteria that will invade host tissue cells? (4) |
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Definition
-Aa -Pg -F.nucleatum -Treponema denticola |
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Term
What is a key factor in differentiating pathogenic from nonpathogenic gram bacteria? |
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Definition
the bacteria's ability to invade the host tissue cell's |
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Term
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Definition
short chains of amino acids found in the bacterial cell membrane |
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Term
What is the function of the cell membrane? |
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Definition
regulates what gets in or out of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
lock on to the peptides and alert the body's immune system of bacterial invaders |
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Term
What happens to the peptides when a bacterium dies? |
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Definition
they unlink and become single amino acids |
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Term
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Definition
then there is nothing for the t-cells to lock on to, so the host immune response subsides |
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Term
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Definition
harmful proteins released from the bacterial cell that acts on host cells |
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Term
What type of bacteria are endotoxins associated with? |
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Definition
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Term
What is a bacteria that produces endotoxins? |
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Definition
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Term
Which endotoxin is produced by Aa? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
enables bacteria to destroy host leukocytes in the sulcus or pocket |
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Term
What is bacterial enzyme production? |
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Definition
agents that are harmful to host cells |
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Term
What do the enzymes produced by periodontal pathogens do? (4) |
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Definition
-increases permeability of epithelial tissue(allow bacteria to penetrate) -contributes to breakdown on gingival collagen fibers -promotes apical migration of JE -reduces ability of immunoglobins to defend host |
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Term
Can biofilm bacteria easily be killed? |
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Definition
no they are EXTREMELY resistant to antibiotics, antimicrobials, and the body's immune system |
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Term
What protects the biofilm from drugs and the body's leukocytes? |
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Definition
the extracellular slime layer |
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Term
Bacteria produce enzymes that do what to antibiotics? |
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Definition
degrade antibiotics faster than the drug can penetrate the biofilm |
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Term
Bacteria in the deepest layers of the biofilm become what? |
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Definition
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Term
Antibiotics only work on bacteria that is... |
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Definition
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Term
What happens when a course of antibiotics is finished? |
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Definition
the dormant bacteria in the biofilm reactivate |
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Term
BLANK removal of biofilm s essential. |
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Definition
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Term
What is control of bacteria in the dental plaque biofilm best achieved by? |
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Definition
physical disruption of the plaque biofilm |
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