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| ??Need a good definition?? |
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| (also called a rite) is any patterned, repeated, predictable action (H&P) |
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| rituals directed at alleviating suffering or resolving a problem (H&P) |
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| Basic elements of Religion |
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Religion is a cultural Universal
-person's relationship with God and the supernatural realm
-moral conduct
-a set of beliefs
-rituals
-religious symbols
-religious practices
-participation in religious institutions
(Carol McKinney, unpublished) |
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| Religion as defined by Geertz 1973 |
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| "A religion is a system of symbols which acts to establish powerful, pervasive, and long-lasting moods and motivations in men by formulating concepts of a general order or exsitence and clothing these concepts with such an aura of factuality that moods and motivations seem uniquely realistic" |
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| Religion as defined by Ferraro and Andreatta 2010 |
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| "A set of beliefs in supernatural forces that functions to provide meanign, peace of mind, and a sense of control over unexplainable phenomena" |
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| Religion as defined by Rob McKee |
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| "humanity's exercise of its kingship in the realm of value" (class notes) |
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"Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the eart and subdue it"
-Creation account, Genesis 1:28
-God's original purpose in creating the human race
-human's purpose was to creat cultures
-serve God by being creative with our talents and gifts (He gave us)
-develope the powers and potentials that God originally built into creation
Nancy Pearcey, 2005 |
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| Secularism (religious system) |
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-religion is privatized for many people
-religion is viewed as separate from social, political, and economic institutions
(Carol McKinney, unpublished) |
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| Universalistic Religious Systems |
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those that claim their religious messages apply to all humanity, not only to those of their own cultural background
Ex: Judaism, Chrisitanity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism
Other name: Great Religious Traditions |
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| Ecclesiastical Religious Systems |
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-have creeds, sacred scriptures, and (full-time) religious specialists who are usually organized hierarchically
-no separation between religion and state
-(within most) Kin was concieved to have divine authority or stand in an intermediate poisition between god and people
ex: Aztec, Incas, Greeks, Egyptians
Complex industrialized societies |
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| Communal Religious Systems |
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-great diversity
-societies in which groups of ordinary people conduct religious ceremonies for the well-being of the total community
-concept of mana, an impersonal supernatural force, inhabiting certain people or things, that is believed to confer power, strength, and success
ex: Pacific cultures, Melanesia
Horticultural and pastoral societies |
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| Shamanistic Relgious System |
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-part-time religious specialist, shamans
-Shamans are thought to have supernatural powers by virtue of birth, training or inspiration
-shamans seek to find the cause of problems, illnesses and/or death through verious methods (intervine with the deities on behalf o their clients)
-typically in hunter-gratherer, pastoral and horticultural societies (food-collecint societies) |
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| Individualistic Religious System |
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Do not have a religious hierarchy but rather each individual functinos as his or her own specialist
ex: North American Plains Indians and their vision quests
Typcially food-collecing societies |
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Individualistic religious system/cult
Shamanistic religious system/cult
Communal religious system/cult
Ecclesiastical religious system/cult
Universalistic religious system/cult
(Secularism)
Wallace 1966 |
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...is the philosophical study of the nature of being, existence, or reality as such, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations.
Traditionally listed as a part of the major branch of philosophy known as metaphysics, ontology deals with questions concerning what entities exist or can be said to exist, and how such entities can be grouped, related within a hierarchy, and subdivided according to similarities and differences |
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| Phenomoneology/Phenomenological |
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-"the study of that which appears"
-is the study of the structure of experience
-is primarily concerned with the systematic reflection on and study of the structures of consciousness and the phenomena that appear in acts of consciousness
(Cultural construct and creation) |
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| 4 words that explain Culture |
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Learned (not inherent/innate)
Adaptive
Shared
Integrated |
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"the belief that people have souls or spirits in addition to physical, visible bodies"
Ferraro and Andreatta 2010 |
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a form of magic based on the idea that the procedure performed resembles the desired result, such as sticking a doll-like image with pins will harm the person the doll represents
Ferraro and Andreatta 2010 |
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a form of magic based on the premise that things, once in contact with a person (such as a lock of hair), continues to influence that person after separation
Ferraro and Andreatta 2010 |
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A system of supernatural beliefs that involves the manipulation of supernatural forces for the purpose of intervening in a wide range of human activities and natural events
Ferraro and Andreatta 2010 |
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an inborn, involuntary, and often unconscious capacity to cause harm to other people
Ferraro and Andreatta 2010 |
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The performance of certain magical rites for the purpose of harming other people
Ferraro and Andreatta 2010 |
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Stories that transmit culturally meaningful messages about the universe, the natural and supernatural worlds, and a person's place within them
Ferraro and Andreatta 2010 |
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| Ceremonies that celebrate the transition of a person from one social status to another |
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Used in the early anthopological literature, a nonjudgemental term tht refers to a religious group that has its own set of beliefs, practices and rituals.
The term Wallace (1966) originally used when talking about religious typology |
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