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unqualified generalization, refers to "all, every, always, never, none" |
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Hasty/ Faulty Generalization (O) |
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assertions that oversimplify using sufficient number of examples or only one part of the evidence. |
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"does not follow". conclusions aren't logically connected to the reasons. Suggests that "this fact" will lead to "this conclusion" |
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Agree or terrible consequences will follow |
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The False Dilemma Fallacy (O) |
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Only two alternatives. Shows us something undesirable then presents an alternative option. |
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Comparison of things that are alike in some ways but suggests they are alike in other ways too. |
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"after this, therefore because of this", connects things solely based on the time sequence. Cause and affect. |
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Making an undemonstrated claim, assuming something without proving it. |
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Restatement of an assertions as a reason for accepting it. |
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Foul smelling argument, addresses one side of the point that's not revenant to the debate, cover up method |
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Addresses ridiculous views that someone doesn't have and attacks them. Those who oppose tax cuts don't want the poor to get money. |
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Attacks the person rather than the argument. |
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False Appeal to Authority (I) |
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Using the name outside of the person's area of expertise. |
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Extends the question until a different issue arrises. |
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Appeals to audience's shared values, reasonable discussion is not possible. |
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Fallacy of Definition (I) |
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Shift of the meaning of terms to avoid argument. |
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AIDS, guns, use fear to promote action. |
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