Term
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Definition
| The will which wills from duty in accord with all formulations of the categorical imperitives. |
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Term
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Definition
| The power of a rational being acting according to his own conception of laws. (not necessarily the correct laws) |
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Term
| What is dignity and what/who has it? |
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Definition
| It is the irreplacability; the intrinsic worth of a rational being and any rational being has it. |
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Term
| What is the difference between an autonomous and heteronomous will? |
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Definition
| The difference is between determining what the foundation for the will is. The autonomous will has the correct ground and is self-contained; while the heteronomous will is external and is when a person is acting based off of getting what they want-- it is corrupted. |
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Term
| What is the kingdom of ends? |
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Definition
| the "systematic union of rational beings through common objective laws." -- it is not achievable; it is a factor to be considered. |
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Term
| What is the formula of the kingdom of ends? |
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Definition
| "every rational being must so act as if he were through his maxim always a legislating member in the universal [systematic union of rational beings through common laws.]" |
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Term
| What is the formula of autonomy? |
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Definition
| "act on a maxinm which regards yourself as the legislator of universal law and for this reason is subject to the law. (every rational being) |
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Term
| What is the formula of humanity as an end in itself? |
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Definition
| "act in regard to every rational being (yourself and others) that he may at the same time count in your maxim as an end in himself." |
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Term
| What is the universal law of nature? |
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Definition
| "act according to the maxims which can at the same time have for their object themselves [of nature]. |
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Term
| What is the formula of universal law? |
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Definition
| "act according to the maxims which can at the same time have for their object themselves. |
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Term
| What are the hypothetical imperitives? How do these differ from the categorical imperatives |
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Definition
| Hypothetical imperatives are those commands which represent the practical necessity of a possible action as a means for attaining something else that one wants (good or bad)-- has a subjective end. This is different than the categorical imperatives because it has to do with the subjective ends whereas categorical has objective ends. Also, because it represents practical necessity instead of objective necessity. |
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Term
| What is the categorical imperative? What is the supreme principle of morality? |
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Definition
| the command that represents the objective necessity of an action without reference to another end. |
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Term
| What are the three propositions of morality? |
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Definition
| 1. only action done from duty have moral worth. 2. Action has moral worth no in an end but in a maxim. 3. Duty is the necessity of an action done out of prespect for the law. |
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Term
| Why does Kant use the four cases? |
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Definition
| He uses them to isolate the location of moral worth. |
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Term
| What is respect for Kant and what is the object of respect? |
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Definition
| Respect is consciousness of the subordination of my will's selfish inclination to a worth higher than them; self-produced (recognition of authority). The object of respect is the moral law imposed on me by myself. |
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Term
| What gives an action moral worth? Are actions without universal and necessary moral worth evil? |
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Definition
| If an action is done from duty it has moral worth. Yes they are bad. |
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Term
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Definition
| a subjective (based on experience) principle of violition -- a personal rule for willing. |
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Term
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Definition
| "the necessity of an action done out of respect for the law" and "[following the] practical law which of itself commands absolutely and without any incentives." |
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Term
| What should be the role of incentives and inclinations in action? |
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Definition
| It comes 2nd to duty (NEVER 1st); seems like Kant doesn't want you to persue happiness; thinks you should do what you ought to do 1st; then what you want. |
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Term
| What should be the role of reason in action? |
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Definition
| To influence the will: to prodice a will which is good in itself. Must be autonomous and have a will. |
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Term
| What is Kant's definition of happiness? |
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Definition
| A complete and total satisfaction for all of ones inclinations. |
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Term
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Definition
| philosophy founded entirely on priori principles and is limited to determinate objects of understanding. |
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Term
| What is pure philosophy? What is empiracal philosophy? |
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Definition
| Pure philosophy is philosophy that sets forth its doctrine as founded entirely on a priori. Empirical philosophy is founded on experience. |
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Term
| What does a posteriori mean? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Those things which are prior to experience and conditions for possible experience. |
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Term
| What are laws of freedom/ moral philosophy/ laws of morality? |
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Definition
| those laws according to which everything ought to happen. |
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Term
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Definition
| According to which everything does happen. |
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Term
| What is Kant's goal for the text? |
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Definition
| To establish/ seek out the supreme principle of morality. |
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