Term
| Causes and Sources of Stress |
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Definition
- Anything that causes change in your daily routine and your body health.
- Emotional, Physical, Pushing body too hard, Environmental.
- Eustress – Good stress
- Distress – Bad stress |
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Term
| Recipe for a great counselor |
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Definition
- Knowledge
- Training
- Licensure
- Skill
- Character
- Self-Awareness |
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Term
| Stress Management and Balance |
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Definition
- Knowledge of the body’s reaction, including the mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual factors associated with stress.
- Creating a balanced life in the areas of spirituality, exercise/nutrition, work and leisure, friendships, and love relationships. |
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Term
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Definition
- Commitment – A deep involvement and commitment to an ideal greater than oneself.
- Control – Reactions to events
- Challenge – Facing change as an opportunity for growth and excitement
- Coherence – All things will work out as well as can be reasonably expected
- Choices – Engaging in consistent health behaviors all the time. |
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Term
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Definition
| - Counselors are aware of their own values, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors and how these apply in a diverse society, and avoid imposing their values on clients. |
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Term
| Value Systems influenced by: |
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Definition
- Family
- Peer Group
- Culture
- Media
- Religion
- Education
- Politics |
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Term
| Spirituality and Religious Values |
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Definition
- Spirituality – Refers to general sensitivity to moral, ethical, humanitarian, and existential issues without reference to any particular religious doctrine.
- Religion – Refers to the way people express their devotion to a deity or an ultimate reality. |
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Term
| To promote an understanding of the importance of multicultural emphasis |
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Definition
o Ethnicity
o Culture
o Race
o Multiculturalism
o Multicultural counseling
o Diversity-Sensitive counseling |
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Term
| Minimizing the impact of multicultural emphasis |
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Definition
o Stereotypes
o Bigotry
o Bias
o Discrimination
o Scapegoating
o Prejudice |
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Term
| Negative Multiculturalism left unchecked, leads to |
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Definition
o Ableism
o Ageism
o Anti-Semitism
o Classism
o Heterosexism
o Racism
o Religious bigotry
o Sexism |
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Term
| Counselors need to (in working with diversity) |
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Definition
- Acquire academic and experiential multicultural training
- Develop working therapeutic relationships
- Be flexible in applying theories
- Be open to being challenged and tested
- Be aware of their own value systems, potential stereotyping, and any traces of prejudice. |
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Term
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Definition
- Recognizing our limitations, awareness of assumptions, biases, and values.
- Manifested in our willingness to seek consultation, seek continuing education, and making referrals. |
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Term
| Guidelines for addressing sexual orientation |
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Definition
- Be open to changing assumptions
- Become conscious of your assumptions
- Confront your personal fears, myths, and stereotypes regarding sexual orientation. |
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Term
| Honor all types of clients |
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Definition
- Apply the feminist theory to work with culturally diverse clients
- Establish an equalitarian relationship
- Facilitate awareness
- Honor the client’s unique experiences. |
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Term
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Definition
| - Protecting clients from unauthorized disclosure of information given in the therapeutic relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| - Protecting the rights of clients to withhold testimony in a court proceeding |
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Term
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Definition
| - Client’s right to decide the time, place, manner and extent of their sharing of themselves to others. |
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Term
| Limits of Confidentiality |
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Definition
- Danger to self
- Danger to others
- Suspicion of abuse/neglect
- Court ordered
- Court consent
- Office staff
- Consultation
- Supervision
- Reimbursement
- Group counseling |
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Term
| Duty to Warn/Duty to Protect |
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Definition
- Duty to warn – Counselors must inform an endangered person when it is believed a client poses a serious danger to an identifiable person. Warn anyone near the intended victim who might be harmed.
- Duty to protect – Counselors are obligated to warn potential victims of harm from their clients and to protect clients from themselves. |
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Term
| Guidelines for implementing duty to warn requirements: |
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Definition
- Get informed consent
- Plan ahead through consultation
- Develop contingency plans
- Obtain professional liability insurance
- Involve the client
- Obtain a detailed history
- Document in writing
- Implement procedures to warn |
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Term
| Who can I break confidentiality with? |
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Definition
- Suicidal Clients
- Homicidal Clients
- Abuse/neglect
- Lawsuit against the counselor
- Mental competence defense
- Need for hospitalization
- Court Ordered |
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Term
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Definition
- Sex, Age, Depression
- Previous attempt, Ethanol/drug abuse, Rational thinking loss, Social supports lacking, Organized suicide plan, No spouse/significant other, Sickness
- Used to conduct a systematic and thorough suicide assessment/structured interview |
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Term
| Guidelines for Clinical Actions on SAD PERSONS scale |
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Definition
- 0 to 2 – Send home with follow up
- 3 to 4 – Close follow up; consider hospitalization
- 5 to 6 – Strongly consider hospitalization, depending on confidence in the follow-up arrangement
- 7 to 10 – Hospitalize or commit |
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Term
| SAD PERSONS scale for Children |
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Definition
- Sex, Age, Depression
- Previous Attempt, Ethanol/drug abuse, Rational thinking loss, Suicidal modeling, Organized suicide plan, Negligent parenting/significant family stressors, School problems |
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Term
| Guidelines for Clinical Actions on Children |
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Definition
- 0 to 29 – Encourage participation in counseling
- 30 to 49 – Strongly encourage counseling: follow up
- 50-69 – Strongly consider evaluation for hospitalization depending upon confidence in follow-up arrangements
- 70 to 100 – Direct interventions are warranted; hospital evaluation should be conducted; contact child protective services if necessary. |
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Term
| Acronyms for Quick Assessment |
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Definition
- DIRT – Used to assess a client’s current risk of self harm
- SLAP – Used to assess immediate risk |
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Term
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Definition
- Dangerousness: How dangerous was the client’s suicide attempt?
- Impression of the degree of risk: Does the client believe the attempt was actually dangerous?
- Rescue: Was there a high probability that someone would rescue this person during or immediately following the suicidal behavior?
- Timing: Was there any previous attempt? When was the last attempt? |
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Term
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Definition
- Specify: How specific are the details of the client’s suicide plan?
- Lethality: How lethal is the plan?
- Availability: Does the client have the necessary means to end his/her life? Do the means have to be acquired at some future date?
- Proximity: Are rescuers close in proximity? Does the client have caring people in his/her life? |
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Term
| Alternatives to breaching confidentiality |
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Definition
- Ask client to check into a hospital
- Increase the number of sessions
- Ask if you can tell a third party to rid house of guns, drugs, etc.
- Use a contract
- Communicate caring and concern |
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Term
| When must I report abuse? |
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Definition
- If a child discloses they are being abused or neglected
- If an adult reveals in therapy they are abusing or have abused a child. |
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Term
| Florida criteria for mandatory abuse reporting |
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Definition
| - There is reasonable cause to suspect that a child, who can be located in Fl, or is temporarily out of the state but expected to return in the immediate future, has been harmed or is believed to be threatened with harm from a person responsible for care of the child. |
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Term
| General Recommendations for working with HIV clients |
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Definition
- Limits to confidentiality should be discussed
- Keep current with regard to relevant medical information
- Know which sexual practices are safe
- If a clients status is an issue, encourage clients to disclose their status to others and be aware of state laws regarding your professional interactions with HIV positive clients |
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Term
| Disclosing a client’s HIV status |
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Definition
- Breaching confidentiality is warranted when:
o Sufficient factual grounds for high risk of harm to an identifiable 3rd party
o There is no intention to inform the third party in the immediate future
o Harm cannot be prevented unless counselor makes disclosure
o 3rd party cannot reasonably be expected to foresee or comprehend high risk of harm to self. |
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Term
| What can happen if you break confidentiality unprofessionally |
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Definition
- Open to legal and ethical sanctions
- Expulsion from professional organization
- Loss of certification
- Revocation of license
- Malpractice suits |
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Term
| Liability for Civil Damages when practitioners neglect duty by: |
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Definition
- Failing to diagnose or predict dangerousness
- Failing to warn potential victims of violent behavior
- Failing to commit dangerous individuals
- Prematurely discharging dangerous clients from a hospital. |
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Term
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Definition
- Disclosure to clients
o Informed consent
o Confidentiality
o Client Records
o Participation in the process
o Right to refuse
o Freedom of Choice
- Inability to give consent |
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Term
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Definition
| - Clients have the right to know about their treatment |
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Term
| 3 elements necessary in giving consent |
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Definition
- Capacity
- Comprehension
- Voluntariness |
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Term
| What kind of people are considered to choose Involuntary Commitment? |
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Definition
| - SI – Suicidal Ideations - HI – Homicidal Ideations - A/V – Audio/Visual Hallucinations (psychosis) - Not responding to outpatient therapy |
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Term
| What to do when facing Involuntary Commitment |
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Definition
- Commitment
- Encourage voluntary admittance
- Determine outcomes
- Consider all options
- Consider the impact
- Know your state laws
o The Baker Act
o The Marchman Act |
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Term
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Definition
| - A law under the Florida Statute that enables family members to obtain help for a loved one who is unwilling to seek substance abuse services voluntarily. |
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Term
| Criteria for the Marchman Act |
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Definition
- Has lose the power of self control with respect to substance abuse; and EITHER
o (a) has inflicted, threatened, or attempted to inflict physical harm on himself or another; OR
o (b) is in need of substance abuse services and, by reason of substance abuse impairment, is incapable of appreciating the need for such services and of making a rational decision in regard to receiving services. |
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Term
| How to obtain a petition for the Marchman Act |
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Definition
- In Orange County, the family contacts the Center for Drug Free living and Addictions Receiving Facility for assistance
- In other counties, the probate office at the courthouse is the first point on contact
- Then the petition is reviewed by a judge to determine if the situation is an emergency.
- Law enforcement picks up the person and takes him/her to the nearest receiving facility. |
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Term
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Definition
- Florida Mental health Act (1971-revised in 2005) widely known as the “Baker Act”
- A law which allows for an involuntarily examination of an individual who meets certain criteria. |
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Term
| Criteria for the Baker Act |
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Definition
- Reason to believe that he/she is mentally ill and because of the illness:
o The person has refused voluntary examination after being explained the purpose of the examination; OR
o The person is unable to determine if the exam is necessary; AND without care or treatment, the person is likely to suffer from neglect or refuse to care for him/herself; which poses a present threat of substantial harm to his/her well-being; and it is not apparent that such harm bay be avoided through the help of willing family members or friends or the provision of other services OR
o There is a substantial likelihood that without care or treatment the person will cause serious bodily harm to him/herself or others in the near future, an evidenced by recent behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
- Autonomy dependent on age
o 1-11 governed by parents; 11-14 gray area; 15-18 act like adults
- Challenges confidentiality
- Criteria to decide confidentiality for minors: age, cognitive maturity, identified problem, client and parent wishes.
- The Big 3 of confidentiality of minors
o Sexual activity, HIV/AIDS status, Substance Abuse |
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Term
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Definition
| - Demographics; intake, history, treatment, progress notes, signed consent forms |
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Term
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Definition
- Aids in understanding the client
- Helps in formulating a treatment plan
- We keep client records for 7 years.
- Keep homework assignments
- Serves as a review before the session
- Billing purposes
- Court ordered |
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Term
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Definition
| - Formally describe the session and remain a part of the client’s file |
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Term
| Process/Psychotherapy Notes |
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Definition
| - Notes recorded (in any medium) that document/analyze the content of conversation. |
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Term
| Information about Progress Notes |
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Definition
- Document all contact with clients
- Date and sign every entry
- Proofread for spelling, grammar and sentence structure
- Be diligent and print everything |
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Term
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Definition
- Subjective – Write the patient’s story, normally in his or her own words. Include relevant past psychological history
- Objective – Everything that can be observed, measured, and quantified
- Assessment – Your conclusions about the findings (S&O). What is your diagnsosis?
- Plan – Treatment plan, homework assignments, follow-up plans, and return appointments. |
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Term
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Definition
- Data – Subjective and objective data about the client; description of both the content and process of the session
- Assessment – Intervention, assessment – what’s going on; working hypotheses, gut hunches
- Plan – What you’re going to do about it; any topics to be covered in the next sessions |
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Term
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Definition
- Specific – Prioritized concrete goals
- Measurable – Partialized and observable
- Achievable – Attainable within time frame
- Realistic – For the client, setting, time frame
- Time-limited – Set a date |
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Term
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Definition
| - The failure to render professional services or to exercise the degree of skill that is ordinarily expected by professional in a similar situation. |
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Term
| Reasons for malpractice suit |
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Definition
- Client abandonment
- Misdiagnosis
- Failure to obtain or document informed consent
- Sex abuse of client
- Crisis intervention
- Managed care and malpractice |
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Term
| Ways to avoid a malpractice suit |
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Definition
- Work only with those that you should
- Keep records
- Have insurance
- Avoid dual relationships
- Define your fees
- Professional honesty and openness |
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Term
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Definition
- The right people get the right services at the right time.
- Increased accountability and cost containment |
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Term
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Definition
- A network of clinicians is provided
- Clinicians agree to accept a specific, often reduced, fee
- Agree to accept clinical management |
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Term
| How Managed Care has impacted the work |
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Definition
- Symptom based treatment
- Shift toward brief therapy
- Determining the appropriate level of care
- Provider efficiency |
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Term
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Definition
- The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
- Aims to restore public trust in health care systems
- Requires that privacy and security be built into policies and practices of health care providers and health plans.
- New privacy rights for patients
- Limits on disclosure |
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Term
| How the HIPAA Law applies to us: |
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Definition
| - Psychotherapy notes: Mental health providers may not disclose psychotherapy notes without first obtaining a patient’s voluntary authorization, except in specific instances. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertains to the standards that govern the conduct of its professional members |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the body of rules that govern the affairs of people within a community, state, or country. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertain to beliefs and attitudes that provide direction to everyday living, whereas ethics pertain to the beliefs we hold about what constitutes right conduct. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is concerned with perspectives of right and proper conduct and involves an evaluation of actions on the basis of some broader cultural context or religious standard. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a set of obligations and a method that focuses on moral issues with the goals of (a) solving a particular dilemma or set of dilemmas and (b) establishing a framework to guide future ethical thinking and behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| focuses on the character traits of the counselor and nonobligatory ideals to which professionals aspire rather than on solving specific ethical dilemmas. |
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Term
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Definition
Autonomy – Refers to the promotion of self-determination, or the freedom of clients to choose their own direction.
Nonmaleficence – Means avoiding doing harm, which includes refraining from actions that risk hurting clients.
Beneficence – Refers to promoting good for others.
Justice – Means to be fair by giving equally to others.
Fidelity – Means that professionals make promises and keep these promises.
Veracity – Means truthfulness |
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Term
| The Ethical Decision Making Model |
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Definition
1. Identify the problem
2. Apply ACA Code of Ethics and Florida Laws and rules
3. Determine the nature and dimensions of the dilemma
4. Generate potential courses of action
5. Consider potential consequences and determine the course of action
6. Evaluate course of action – review it and apply 3 tests
• Test of Justice
• Test of Publicity
• Test of Universality
7. Implement course of action |
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Term
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Definition
| The process whereby clients project onto their therapists past feelings or attitudes they had towards significant people in their lives. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any projections by therapists that distort the way they perceive and react to a client. |
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Term
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Definition
| involves searching for positive life experiences that lead to zest, peace, excitement, and happiness through spirituality, self-direction, work and leisure, friendship, and love. |
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Term
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Definition
| A state of physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual exhaustion characterized by feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. |
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Term
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Definition
| An event or a series of events that leads to strain, which often results in physical and psychological health problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| the presence of an illness or severe psychological depletion that is likely to prevent a professional from being able to deliver effective services and results in consistently functioning below acceptable practice standards. |
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Term
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Definition
| A basic component of many counseling programs, providing students with the opportunity to share their values, life experiences, and personal concerns in a peer group. |
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Term
| Personal Therapy for Counselor |
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Definition
Avail oneself of therapeutic experiences aimed at increasing your availability to your clients, including individual therapy, group counseling, consultation with colleagues, continuing education, and reading.
Self-awareness and having your own therapy |
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Term
| Moral, religious and social values |
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Definition
| It is important that you understand your own values and beliefs about things before taking on others. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person has decided, after going through a decision-making process and without coercion from others, to end his or her life because of extreme suffering involved with a terminal illness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Consists of providing a person with the means to die; the person self-administers the death causing agent, which is a lethal dose of a legal medication |
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Term
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Definition
| involves speeding up the dying process, which can entail withholding or withdrawing life support. |
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Term
| Multicultural training competencies |
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Definition
Counselor Awareness of own cultural values and biases
Understanding the client’s worldview
Developing culturally appropriate intervention strategies and techniques |
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Term
| Cultural values and assumptions |
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Definition
Self disclosure – Assuming that clients will be ready to talk about their intimate issues
Assertiveness – assuming that clients are better off when they can behave in assertive ways
Self-Actualization and Trusting relationships – Assuming that it is important for the individual to become a fully functioning person.
Nonverbal Behavior – Misinterpreting personal space, eye contact, handshaking, etc.
Directness and Respect – Directness can be perceived as a sign of rudeness and something to be avoided in other cultures. |
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Term
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Definition
| The practice of focusing on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of problems that may injure clients, lead to filing of an ethics complaint, or lead to a malpractice action. |
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