Term
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Definition
| documents issued by the government that allow the owner of the patent to exclude others from making use of the patented information for 20 years from the date of filing. To obtain a patent, the invention must be new, useful, and nonobvious. (ex: puncture-proof tire) |
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Term
| Definition of "trademarks" |
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Definition
| words, phrases, designs, sounds, or symbols associated with goods or services. (ex: "Coca-Cola") |
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Term
| Definition of "copyrights" |
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Definition
| rights to creative products such as books, pictures, graphics, sculptures, music, movies, and computer programs. The author's estate or heirs retain the copyright for 50 years after his or her death. Copyrights protect the expression of the ideas but not the ideas themselves. (ex: script of Star Wars) |
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Term
| Three Types of Organizational Culture |
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Definition
1. Engineer-oriented companies
2. Customer-oriented companies
3. Finance-oriented companies |
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Term
| What describes an engineer-oriented company? |
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Definition
| In these firms, there is a general agreement that quality takes priority over other considerations (except safety). |
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Term
| What describes a customer-oriented company? |
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Definition
Decision making is similar to that of engineer-oriented firms, but with four significant differences:
1. Managers think of engineers as advocates of a POV different from their own
2. More emphasis is placed on business considerations
3. Safety outranks quality
4. Communication between engineers and managers may be somewhat more difficult |
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Term
| Definition of a Proper Engineering Decision (PED) |
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Definition
| a decision that should be made by engineers or at least governed by professional engineering standards because it either (1) involves technical matters that require engineering expertise or (2) falls within the ethical standards embodied in engineering codes, especially those that require engineers to protect the health and safety of the public |
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Term
| Definition of a Proper Management Decision (PMD) |
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Definition
| a decision that should be made by managers or at least governed by management considerations because (1) it involves factors relating to the well-being of the organization, such as cost, scheduling, and marketing, and employee morale or welfare; and (2) the decision does not force engineers (or other professionals) to make unacceptable compromises with their own technical or ethical standards |
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Term
| Describe the "progressive attitude" |
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Definition
| In these companies, being responsive to environmental concerns has the complete support of the CEO. The companies have well-staffed environmental divisions, use of state-of-the-art equipment, and generally have good relationships with governmental regulators. They are genuinely committed to environmental protection and enhancement |
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Term
| Describe a "compliance attitude" |
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Definition
| Firms adopting this orientation accept governmental regulation as a cost of doing business but often without enthusiasm or commitment. There is often a great deal of skepticism about the value of environmental regulation |
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Term
| Describe the "degree-of-harm criterion" |
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Definition
| When pollutants pose a clear and pressing threat to human health, they must be reduced below any reasonable threshold of harm. Cost should not be considered a significant factor. If a harm is irreversible, its prevention should be given a higher priority. |
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Term
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Definition
| holds that only human beings have intrinsic value. Nonhuman natural objects, including other animals, have value only as the contribute to human well-being |
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Term
| Nonanthropocentric ethics |
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Definition
| holds that at least some natural objects other than human beings (animals, plants, and perhaps even inanimate things such as rivers and mountains) have intrinsic value |
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Term
| What is the code of the Association for Computing Machinery? |
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Definition
| sets out the regulations for privacy, intellectual property, and copyrights and patents |
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