Term
| What defines a counseling approach as "best practice"? |
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Definition
| It must be evidenced based |
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Term
| Who is the principal investigator? |
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Definition
| the person who conceptualizes, designs and plans the research study |
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Term
| Who is the research assistant? |
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Definition
| assists the principal investigator with data collection, stat analysis, or other components of the research study |
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Term
| Who is responsible for proper behavior in a research study? |
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Definition
| Both the research asst and principal investigator shld hold themselves to high standards, but ultimately it is the duty of the principal investigator to guard against any breaches of ethics or laws |
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Term
| Who is the research supervisor? |
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Definition
| a person who advises or oversees the research of someone else |
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Term
| What are the duties of a counselor educator when involving their students in their research? |
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Definition
- participation must be voluntary
- full discussion must take place before student agrees to participate
- assurance that there will be no penalty for a student who declines to participate
- clarification of expectations re: who will do what work
- timeline for completion
- agreement about the type of acknowledgement the student will rec if the work is published
- agreement abt the process that will be followed if there are any problems or misunderstandings |
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Term
| If a researcher is using a comparison btw experimental treatment and other treatments what are their ethical responsibilities after the study? |
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Definition
| If the experimental treatment is found to be effective the researcher has an ethical obligation to offer it to the control group participants as soon as possible after the study |
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Term
| What are contextual variables? How should they be taken into account in research? |
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Definition
include client characteristics (gender, race, SES etc.) counselor variables (training, experience), and counseling process variables (relationship btw counselor/client)
Impossible to control for all factors yet any variance shld be explained |
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Term
| What considerations should researchers take when generalizing research to other groups? |
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Definition
| Research outcomes should not be generalized to populations not represented in the study sample |
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Term
| What are the 3 main challenges of incorporating cultural considerations into research studies? |
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Definition
1. counseling based on western practices may not be culturally approp for some groups
2. trouble finding approp sample size
3. race/ethnicity and gender are closely linked to other factors (like SES) - may be difficult to control for confounding variables |
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Term
| What are the 3 ways to protect research participants from harm? |
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Definition
1. ensure that participation is voluntary
2. secure informed consent
3. protect confidentiality |
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Term
| Can children give informed consent in a research study? |
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Definition
| Children can assent to participation, but only their parent/guardian has the legal authority to give informed consent |
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Term
| What shld be included in informed consent for a research study? |
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Definition
- purpose and procedures of study
- any procedures that are relatively untried
- discomforts/risks
- benefits
- approp alternative procedures
- the right to have their questions answered
- limitations of confidentiality
- the audience who is most likely to read the research
- freedom to withdraw consent at any time |
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Term
| What are the ethical responsibilities of using deception in a study? |
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Definition
| counselors should not use deception unless alternatives are not available and the value of the research justifies the deception. If it is used researcher must give the participants an explanation as soon as possible. |
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Term
| What are some ways researchers can preserve confidentiality? |
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Definition
- coding system rather than names
- lock up files
- protect computers w/ passwords
- disguise all identifying details of the participant when results are reported |
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Term
| What are the ethical responsibilities of a counselor who wants to use already existing data or notes to conduct a research study? |
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Definition
Researcher must attempt to contact clients and request permission.
If that is not feasible, the counselor who produced the records should eliminate any identifying data from the records before giving the researcher access to them. |
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Term
| What does IRB stand for? What does it do? |
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Definition
Institutional Review Board
Required by the National Research Act of 1974, any institution that receives federal funding to est committee to review research proposals to ensure human participants are protected |
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Term
| What happens if a researcher does not take the steps them promised the IRB to protect human participants? |
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Definition
| they are legally accountable to the institution and any participants who were harmed |
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Term
| What are the 4 ethical obligations researchers have after completing a study? |
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Definition
1. honor their commitments to research participants
2. report their results accurately and honestly
3. make available sufficient original research data to qualified profs who want to replicate the study
4. explain the nature of the study and remove any misconceptions |
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Term
| What are the requirements of joint authorship? |
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Definition
Each joint author has the full right to use the work or allow others to reproduce it
Agreement among all the authors is required to grant exclusive rights to the work or transfer ownership rights to a non-author
Authors must agree how to share income from the product |
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Term
| Is it ethical to submit manuscripts to multiple journals? |
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Definition
| No, must submit to only one journal at a time |
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Term
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Definition
| Legally acknowledges that indls own ideas once they have created them |
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Term
| Do materials have to be registered with the US Copyright Office to be protected? |
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Definition
| No, authors of original written materials have a copyright immediately when the documents are produced. |
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Term
| How long are written materials legally protected? |
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Definition
| From the time of creation until 50 years after the author's death |
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Term
| How do copyrights change when a work is published in a book or journal? |
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Definition
| Usually transferred to the publisher. Then the publisher must give permission for the work to be reproduced. |
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Term
| What are the two legal assumptions made with contracts? |
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Definition
1. When a contract is signed by two or more parties it represents an agreement reached by the indls involved after they have carefully considered all the options and open negotiations have occurred
2. the written document covers all the issues that were important to the parties |
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