Term
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Definition
| the study of right and wrong |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the expression of values, attitudes, and lifestyles by specific groups and individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| the personal relative worth that we place on an object or behavior |
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Term
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Definition
Apply the ethical issue to all cases within the context
Example :: Ability to taste test grapes and grocery store, but not taste test cereal |
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Term
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Definition
What if it was happening on the reverse end?
Example :: What if that was me? Would I want to happen to me? How would I want to be treated? |
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Term
| Differentiate between Mercenaries and Saints |
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Definition
Mercenaries :: will weight cost and benefits; Example: What will I gain?
Saints :: don’t consider the costs and benefits because they just know what is right and intuitively make a decision and act |
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| How can ethics transcend culture? |
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Definition
| talk about how ethics is applied into daily life |
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Term
| Look over the study of moral development on pages 9 - 11 |
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Definition
Know:
Moral Knowing
Moral Valuing
Acting |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves making choices based on values. Occurs when you are placed in a situation where what you believe is challenged or questioned and you are forced to act |
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| Differentiate between Moral and Non-Moral Values and give examples of each |
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Definition
Moral Values :: Involve people, intentions, motives, deeds, or traits of character that affect other people
Examples: helping others, honesty, honor, truth, respect, sincerity, integrity, justice, duty, cooperation, etc
Non-Moral Values :: The relative worth that we place on objective experiences or things; Relative in the sense that what you think is valuable may have no effect on others or what other people may think has value
Examples: winning, NCAA tournament (your team), golf score |
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| Know and Explain the 4 Major Values |
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Definition
Honesty - condition or capacity of being truthful or trustworthy in dealing with others
Justice - 3 types (distributive, procedural, and compensatory); perceived fairness
Responsibility - accounting for your actions
Beneficence - condition of not doing harm, preventing harm, removing harm, and doing good |
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Term
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Definition
Principles :: tools used to help us make an ethical decison
Technically a statement (in the negative) of our values and believes from which all other rules are developed
Universal guides that tell which kinds of actions, intentions, and motives are prohibited, obligatory, or permitted in human interaction
Universal codes of conduct |
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| List and Define Types of Justice |
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Definition
Retribution - paying back/getting back; getting what someone deserves
Distributive - Fairness in way things are handed out
Procedural - how you go about a certain procedure
Compensatory - compensating for something that happened in the past |
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| List steps in thinking through a moral problem (all steps) |
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Definition
1. Are any moral principles violated?
2. Are any moral rules violated?
3. Is this case an exception?
4. Are the rules justified?
5. How can the rules be changed? |
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Term
| Differentiate between Purposeful and Non-Purposeful |
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Definition
Purposeful: done on purpose, we purposefully decide (in respect to intimidation); example: cause people to be afraid of us, etc.
Non-Purposeful: not done on purpose, demeanor and professional position of many individuals, without any overt decision to be intimidating |
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Term
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Definition
| Act of causing someone to be fearful, withdrawn, or concerned |
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| Explain (1-2 sentences) Moral Callousness |
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Definition
| Describes how individuals associated with sport may display an absence of concern for the welfare of others when acting in morally bereft ways for personal gain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of physiological or psychological force to injure or harm another person, multiple individuals, or one’s self |
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Term
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Definition
| Pushing the rules to the limit without getting punished and using whatever methods possible to achieve the desired goal of winning |
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Term
| Define 6 types of categorical imperatives |
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Definition
1. True sportsmanship requires playing to the best of one's ability within the letter and spirit of the rules. That is, a person obeys not only the literal words and their interpretation but also the intent of these words
2. Seeking to win is acceptable only if the letter and spirit of the rules are followed.
3. An opponent is not the enemy but a worthy athlete deserving to be treated exactly as everyone would wish to be treated.
4. Retribution, which means to give in return and especially punishment, is never acceptable regardless of the unfairness or violence of the initial action
5. Games are not played to intimidate; the ideal purpose of sport is a mutual quest for excellence through equitable and fair competition
6. Sportsmanship requires modesty and humility in victory, praise for winners, and self-respect in defeat |
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Term
| Explain Cognitive Dissonance |
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Definition
| The discomfort or tension felt when there is a discrepancy between what is known or believed and new information or interpretation |
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| Explain Rationalization and why it matters |
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Definition
| Process of trying to bring differing expectations into accord or make possible actions seem reasonable |
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| Explain Bracketed Morality |
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Definition
Acting in ways that are not congruent with beliefs outside of sports
Example: Ndomakan Suh and Troy Polamalu
Soft spoken and nice in real life, don’t want to be in their way on the field |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of rules? |
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Definition
Constitutive
Prescriptive
Sportsmanship |
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Term
| Define each of the 3 types of rules |
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Definition
Constitutive - Rules that guide play within a specific game
Prescriptive - Expressly forbid specific actions often because of the associated high risk of injury
Sportsmanship - The inherent quality in playing a game in which one is honor-bound to follow the spirit and letter of the rules |
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Term
| What are the rule theories? |
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Definition
Relativism
Social Learning |
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Term
| Potential Essay Question :: What are the things that sports managers need to pursue? |
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Definition
Impartiality - Our values systems are bombarded with intuition, emotion, and a myriad of values from science, logic, sense, experience, and authoritarian perspectives
Consistency - We must be logical, consistent, and have the essence of moral reasoning
Reflection - Reflective judgment based thinking |
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Term
| Potential Essay Question :: What are the categorical imperatives? Explain Them |
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Definition
6 of them; Universally accepted maxim that holds regardless of the situation because it is based on an undeniable moral principle
1. True sportsmanship requires playing to the best of one's ability within the letter and spirit of the rules. That is, a person obeys not only the literal words and their interpretation but also the intent of these words
2. Seeking to win is acceptable only if the letter and spirit of the rules are followed.
3. An opponent is not the enemy but a worthy athlete deserving to be treated exactly as everyone would wish to be treated.
4. Retribution, which means to give in return and especially punishment, is never acceptable regardless of the unfairness or violence of the initial action
5. Games are not played to intimidate; the ideal purpose of sport is a mutual quest for excellence through equitable and fair competition
6. Sportsmanship requires modesty and humility in victory, praise for winners, and self-respect in defeat |
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Term
| What are the 4 theories that we discussed? |
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Definition
Utilitarianism
Ethical Egoism
Deontological
Consequentialism |
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Term
| Define and explain Utilitariansim |
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Definition
Ethics of Utility
We simply need to give the greatest happiness to the greatest number
of people
Societal perspective on costs and benefits |
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Term
| Define and explain Ethical Egoism |
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Definition
| Focuses on the maximization of an individual’s own self-interest; however, it also can apply to the self-interest of an organization |
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| Define and explain Deontological |
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Definition
Ethics of Duty
Claims that certain actions in themselves are intrinsically good or bad or right or wrong, and are not to be judged by their results |
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| Define and explain Consequentialism |
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Definition
| Maintains that the majority of an action depends on the non-moral consequences that the action brings about |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to know a moral dilemma exists, to know how to look at the bigger picture surrounding the dilemma, and finally, to know how to reason through the dilemma to find the right thing to do |
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Term
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Definition
| The basis of what we believe about ourselves, society, and others around us. What is most important to me? Is my gain more important than others? Empathy, self-control, humility, and conscience |
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Term
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Definition
| Moral action is our outward intentional behaviors that we manifest contingent on our values and cognitive processes |
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