Term
| How is psychotherapy defined? |
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Definition
| treatment of psychological disorders thru psychological methods such as analyzing problems, talking about possible solutions, and encouraging more adaptive ways of thinking and acting |
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Term
| What are the common features for all treatments of psychological disorders? |
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Definition
client/patient
therapist/other agent who is capable
special theraputic relationship between ^two
based on some theory about client's problems |
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Term
| What does the therapist do to help develop trust? |
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Definition
| special therapeutic relationship |
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Term
| What is the main difference between psychologists and psychiatrists? |
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Definition
Psychiatrists are medical doctors who can prescribe drugs to patients
Psychologists have different training and can not prescribe drugs |
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Term
| What is an eclectic therapist? |
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Definition
| those who typically might lean towards one set of treatment method, but will use multiple varieties depending on the patient |
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Term
| What are the major approaches to psychotherapy? |
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Definition
-one on one treatment
-search for relationships between life history and current problems
-emphasis on thoughts, emotions, motivation
-client therapist relationship |
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Term
| How does psychoanalysis differ from the other approaches to psychotherapy? |
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Definition
uses free association, dream analysis, transference (client reaction)
helps client gain insight of unconscious thoughts and emotions |
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Term
| How does short term dynamic psychotherapy differ from other approaches? |
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Definition
therapists direct clients attention to evidence of problems in social relationships
less id, past, and unconsious..
more ego and social relationships
shorter time |
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Term
| What is the focus of behavior therapy? |
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Definition
classical conditioning principles
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Term
| What is the goal of systematic desensitization? |
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Definition
clients visualize anxiety-provoking stimuli in a controlled environment
weakens learned associations of anxiety and the feared object |
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Term
| What is the goal of assertiveness training? |
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Definition
methods that help the client stand up for their rights in social situations
help wheelchair adults and disabled students to deal with social situations |
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Term
| What is the goal of aversive conditioning? |
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Definition
| associating a negative stimulus to thoughts or actions the client needs to avoid |
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Term
| What is the goal of cognitive behavior therapy? |
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Definition
based on learning principles to help clients change the way they think
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Term
| What are the goals of group, family, and couples' therapy? |
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Definition
a therapist encouages interactions between people in similiar problems or groups
boost confidence, help others
create harmony in family, relationship |
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Term
| Is one type of psychotherapy more effective than all others? |
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Definition
no, they are about eqully effective overall
the success of the psychotherapy is determinant upon other factors |
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Term
| What is electroconvulsive therapy and for what menta disorder is it mainly used for? |
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Definition
schizophrenia, depression, sometimes mania
brief electric shock to the brain
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Term
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Definition
(antipsychotics)
reduce intensity of psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, paranoid suspiciousness, disordered thinking, confused speech |
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Term
| What are anxiolytic drugs? |
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Definition
(tranquilizing drugs)
immediate calming effect
treat symptoms of generalized anxiety and PTSD |
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Term
| For what disorder is lithium prescribed? |
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Definition
mania in bipolar disorder
can reduce mania attack to every 9 years instead of 14 months |
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Term
| What are some drawbacks of psychoactive drugs? |
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Definition
drug doses can have different effects on different genders and ethnic groups
dependence, side effects, irreversible side efects, suicide, death, coma |
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Term
| A combination of drugs and psychotherapy has been found effective in treating which disorders? |
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Definition
| bipolar disorder, long term depression, adhd, child anxiety, ocd, alcoholism, stammering, compulsive sexual behavior, panic disorder |
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Term
| What is the goal of community psychology? |
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Definition
| minimalize or prevent disorders by promoting social change and making treatment methods more accessible to those who normally have little or no access to psychological services |
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Term
| What do social psychologists study? |
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Definition
| how people's thoughts and behaviors influence others and vice versa |
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Term
| What is Festinger's theory of social comparison? |
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Definition
using other people as a basis of comparison for evaluating oneself
(inteligence, athleticism, interest, attractive) |
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Term
| What are reference groups? |
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Definition
| the catagories of people you feel you belong to and usually compare yourself with |
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Term
| Does negative information or positive information attract more attention and carry more weight in shaping first impressions? |
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Definition
| negative information attracts more attention and carries more weight |
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Term
| How is attribution defined? |
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Definition
| the process of explaining the casues of people's behavior, including our on |
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Term
What is internal attribution?
external attribution? |
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Definition
internal- characteristics of the person
external- characteristics of the sitation |
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Term
| What is the fundamental attribtion error? |
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Definition
| a bias towards attributing the behavior of others to internal factors |
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Term
| What is a self-serving bias? |
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Definition
| the tendency to attribute one's own successes to internal characteristics while blaming one's failures on external causes |
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Term
| What is an actor-observer bias? |
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Definition
| endency to attribute other people's behavior to internal causes while attributing one's own behavior to external causes |
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Term
| What is a self-fullfilling prophecy? |
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Definition
| process in which an initial impression causes us to bring out behavior that confirms the impression |
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Term
| How does the mere-exposure effect infuence attitudes? |
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Definition
attitudes towards an object become more positive the more frequently people are exposed to thee object
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Term
| How does cognitive dissonance create anxiety in people? |
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Definition
when people's thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes are not in harmony with one another, they become anxious
inconsistency creates anxiety |
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Term
| Why does stereotyping often lead to prejudice and discrimination? |
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Definition
false assumptions of a person or group of people can lead to create a prejudice against them
social discimination is the behavoral part of prejudice |
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Term
| According to the motivational thory of prejudice, how may prejudice influence one's own self esteem? |
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Definition
authoritarianism
meet certain needs and increase security |
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Term
| Did the contact hypothesis prove to be true? |
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Definition
integration reduces social prejudices only when social conditions are met
not really |
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Term
| What is the matching hypothesis of interpersonal attraction? |
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Definition
| notion that people are most likely to form committed relationships with others who are similiar to themselves in physical attractiveness |
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Term
| What are the three compnents of Sternberg's triangular theory of love? |
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Definition
passion
intimacy
committment
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Term
| What are social norms and how do they influence behavior? |
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Definition
| learned, socially based rules that tell people what they should and should not do in various situations |
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Term
| How can deindividuation decrease the influence of social norms? |
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Definition
| as a group, you follow the group's social norms (KKK) and feel pressure and intensity from group |
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Term
| How does conformity differ from compliance? |
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Definition
conformity is from unspoken pressure
compliance is from a request
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Term
| In regard to creating compliance, how do the foot in the door technique and the door in the face technique work? |
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Definition
foot-in-the-door: getting a person to agree to smaller requests, working up to larger ones
door-in-the-face: request for a favor that is likely to be refused, then asks for (the actually desired) lesser request |
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Term
| What did the Milgram lab experiment discover about how far people will go to obey authority? |
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Definition
| they would go the furthest to obey authority |
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Term
| What does the frustration-aggression hypothesis suggest? |
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Definition
frustration leads to aggression
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Term
| How does the bystander effect result in a diffusion of individual responsibility? |
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Definition
the chance that someone will help in an emergency decreases as the number of people increase
someone else will take responsibility |
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Term
| What does the empathy-altruism theory suggest about unselfish helping behavior? |
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Definition
| people assist others because they feel empathy for them |
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Term
| How can social facilitation, as compared to social impairment, help improve performance? |
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Definition
facilitation- other people's presence improves performance
vs
impairment- other people's presence does not improve performance |
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