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Essentials of Sociology Chapter 14
Population and Urbanization
26
Sociology
Undergraduate 1
12/14/2010

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Term
Demography
Definition
The study of the size, composition, growth, and distribution of human populations.
Term
Malthus Theorem
Definition
Population grows geometrically while food supply increases arithmetically.
Term
Anti-Malthusians
Definition
Exponential growth curve. Acceleration of growth.
Term
Demographic Transition
Definition
Population stabilized and possibly declines.
Term
Population Starving
Definition
Due to a misdistribution of food due to drought and war.
Term
Population Growth
Many children - list 4
Definition
1.Status of Parenthood in least industrialized nations - more children = Higher status
2.Community supports this concept - children are a sign of God's blessings. (more kids = more blessed)
3.Provide for parents in old age.
4.Male Dominance? Machismo=Male virility
Term
Population Pyramids
Definition
Depict a country's population by age and sex.
Term
3 Demographic Variables
Definition
1.Fertility (Rate) - Number of children that the average woman bears.
2.Martality - Life Expectancy
3.Migration - The difference between the number of immigrants (coming) and emigrants (leaving).
Term
What is Crude Death Rate?
Definition
Annual number of deaths per 1,000 population.
Term
Fecundity
Definition
Number of children that women are capable of bearing.
Term
Population Growth Forecast
Definition
Growth Rate = Births - Deaths + Net Immigration
Term
Zero-Population Growth
Definition
Replace self only.
Term
Urbanization (City)
Definition
Place where a large number of people live and DO NOT produe their own food.
Term
Urbanization
Definition
masses of people moving to cities
Term
Metropolis - Cities grown so large they cover a region.
Definition
A central city surrounded by smaller cities and suburbs. Example? Toledo, Cleveland.
Term
Megalopolis - Larger then Metropolis
Definition
Overlapping areas. Examples? Columbus/Circleville. Dayton/Cinniciatti.
Term
Megacity
Definition
Population over 10 million.Example? Los Anglos, New York.
Term
Edge Cities
Definition
Clusters of buildings and services near major highways.
Term
Gentrification
Definition
Movement of Middle-class people into rundown areas of a city.
Term
Suburbanization
Definition
People moving from the cities to the suburbs, just outside city.
Term
Why do people want to live in suburbs?
Definition
1.Alienation in the city - Too large.
2.Can't afford to live in the city, move to suburbs but fight traffic or cost of commuting.
Term
Disinvestment
Definition
Banks w/drawing financing.
Term
Deindustrialization
Definition
Moving factories/Jobs for better tax breaks. Move from one city to another close city.
Term
Urban Revitalization
Definition
Tear down and rebuild.
Term
Enterprise Zone
Definition
Economic incentives to companies to stay in cities.
Term
Urban Renewal
Definition
Tear down and rebuild. Which usually costs more!
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