Term
| Newly Industrialized Countries |
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Definition
| 3rd world countries that have experienced dramatic rates of economic growth and industrialization. EX: S. Korea, Parts of Latin America and Asia |
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Term
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Definition
| lack of significant economic development or political institutionalization. EX: Ghana |
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Term
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Definition
| single political authorities that have under their sovereighty a large number of external regions or territories of different ppls |
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Term
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Definition
| state extendes its power to directly control territory, resources, and ppl beyond its borders |
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Term
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Definition
| a greater (than imperialism) degree of physical occupation of a foreign territory through military force, businesses,or settlers |
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Term
| Imperialism (more detailed) |
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Definition
- propogated by European powers
- driven by economic, strategic,and religious motives
- usually leads to colonialism |
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Term
| Institutions of Imperialism |
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Definition
- the state (as a form of political org)
- created ethnic and national identities
- gender roles |
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Term
| consequences of state institutions (under Imperialism) |
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Definition
- leads to pop explosion due to rise of public goods and/or higher living standards
- local religions and customs eroded
- created a "limbo" because the territory is not fully intergrated into the modern system nor is it apart of the premodern system any longer |
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Term
| Social Institutions (under Imperialism) |
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Definition
| inequality and ethnicity became tightly interconnected |
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Term
| economic Imperialistic Institutions |
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Definition
- traditional agricultural economies transformed into cash-based economies
- free trade often supressed as colonies are forced to trade and supply goods to the imperial countries. |
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Term
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Definition
| a dependancy on formal colonial powers for economic stability |
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Term
| Economic Growth (for NICs, LDCs) |
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Definition
| Import Substitution, Export Oriented, Sturctural Adjustment |
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Term
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Definition
-based upon mercantilism
- state plays a strong role in the economy
- tarriff and non-tarriff barriers are used to restrict imports
- creates "hothouse" economies with large industries reliant on the state and unable to compete in international markets |
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Term
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Definition
-based upon mercantilism
- state plays a strong role in the economy
- tarriff barriers are used to protect domestic industries
- economic markets focused on industries that have a niche in international markets
- leads generally to a higher level of economic development |
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Term
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Definition
- based upon liberalism
- state involvment is reduced as economy is opened up
-foreign investment is encouraged
- often follows import substitution
- is a tool of neocolonialism and is generally a failure in bringing substantial economic development. |
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Term
| non-governmental organizations |
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Definition
| national and international groups, independant of any state, that pursue policy objectives and faster public public participation. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Rebuilding state power (state capacity v. state autonomy)
2. Supporting civil society (help from NGOs)
3. Promoting economic Prosperity |
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Term
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Definition
segment of the economy that is not regulated or taxed by the state. EX: street vendors, the self-employed,
- doesnt generate tax revenues
- informal workers are not regulated by labor laws
- creates a lack of capital needed to expand |
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Term
| 2 ways to break the cycle of an informal economy |
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Definition
1. develop strong property rights (which allows for the development of credit)
2. microcredit/microfinance: a system involving borrowing groups - when that group begins to make payments it generates enough capital for the next group to get loans |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of interconnection between countries, linkages between states, societies, and economies. |
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Term
| Nonstate organizations and globalization |
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Definition
1. Multinational Corporations
2. Intergovernmental Organizations
3. Nongovernmental Organizations |
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Term
| Multinational Corporations and globalization |
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Definition
| firms that produce, distribute, and market their goods or services in more than one country. EX: Microsoft, General Electric |
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Term
| Intergovernmental Organizations and globalization |
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Definition
| Groups created by states to serve particular policy ends EX: United Nations, European Union |
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Term
| Nongovernmental Organizations ad globalizations |
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Definition
| national and international groups, independant of any state, that pusue policy objectives and foster public participation EX greenpeace, Red Cross |
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Term
| downfalls of Globalization |
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Definition
- complicate a state's ability to maintain sovereignty
- "monopoly of violence" will become less effective in a globalized world
- may be a source of dangerous fragmentation and weakened democracy
- may foster new violent international actors - who are flexable and decentralized thus harder to combat |
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Term
| Foreign Direct Investment |
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Definition
| the purchase of assets in a foreign country |
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