Term
| 1. Discuss how the common family structure associated customs in Southeast Asia promote the status of married women. |
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Definition
| Male must marry into Females family -Subordinate to the Father of that family Too much conflict, so they have ritual avoidance Female is the mediator, and can manipulate both ends |
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Term
| 2. Identify three features of commercial farming that differentiate it from slash-and-burn (shifting) cultivation and discuss the environmental effects of those features. |
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Definition
| Shifting cultivation: move fields every 3 years or so, and let soil fertility replenish (larger areas required)—used mainly in low density areas of hills and uplands Commercial Farms: Once small farms now combined to form huge tracts of land owned by local or multinational corporations. Produce products for exports. Usually plant one crop, use chemicals to bolster soil fertility, used mechanized equipment, lots of water (with rice). Less labor, rapid. No long term sustainability want quick profit. Combine huge tracts of land to create one giant corporate-owned farm with generally one crop planted in large area. Use chemicals to increase fertility Use lots of water for rice etc. -Loss of wildlife habitat (diversity) -increased soil erosion/flooding -chemical pollution depletion of groundwater sources |
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Term
| 3. Briefly describe crony capitalism and explain how it contributed to the 1997 financial crisis in Southeast Asia. |
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Definition
| Type of corruption in which politicians, bankers, and entrepreneurs, sometimes members of the same family, have close personal as well as business relationships. Most lucrative businesses held for children (Example) Used new investment money for bribery or unnecessary projects that brought prestige. Wanted quick return in money, but many projects failed to produce any profits at all, causing investors to withdraw their money on mass scale. |
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Term
| 4. Giving two examples, discuss the idea that environmental crises, such as air pollution and deforestation, are the result of the weaknesses of political institutions in Southeast Asia. |
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Definition
| § ‘Cut and run’, illegal logging more common than legal logging § Dangerous air levels from fire set on logged forest land to prepare it for planting § People who pay bribes may avoid environmental regulations completely, which aren’t enforced strictly enough as it is § Political system discourages public debate over the matter |
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Term
| 5. Discuss three environmental problems associated with tourism in Oceania, which is often touted as being an environmentally “clean” industry. |
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Definition
| Accelerated Loss of wetlands and Beach erosion Increases use of scare water sources, production of sewage, and use of polluting products such as gasoline, kerosene, fertilizers, plastics and papers |
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Term
| 6. How has the relaxation of immigrant restrictions in Australia and New Zealand changed (1) the ethnic diversity and (2) the attitudes toward indigenous peoples in these countries? |
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Definition
| -let nonwhites in now; major immigrants are from Asia -More acceptance towards them because of an acceptance of a more diverse nation…no longer “white” society -because of this lean towards multicultural national, now understood that the low standing of aborigines was brought about because of a colonial attitude that Europeans held before -greater acceptance and respect towards the aborigines culture -more prestigious -increase in rights for them (though not a lot) *find out what rights* could own some land |
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