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| An extremophile is an organism that thrives in extreme environments. Extremophiles are organisms that live in "extreme environments," under high pressure and temperature. Bacteria often form on the rocks near the hydrothermal vents. |
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| study of prehistoric life |
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| study of ancient climates |
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the study of the evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms
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| Microbes that thrive in conditions with pH levels less than 3 or greater than 9 |
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| a uniquely human perspective developed through an investigation of the origin and evolution of our planet |
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| Microbes that require salt concentrations up to 5 times greater than found in ocean water |
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| a uniquely human perspective developed through an investigation of the origin and evolution of our planet |
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| Extremophiles found in many environments (without oxygen) that manufacture organic compounds from inorganic compounds |
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| Habitable zones are geographies where conditions are right to support complex life |
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| Heat from radioactive elements in the core travels to the surface through the mantle by a process of heat transfer |
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| or primary waves, are longitudinal sound waves, too low in frequency for humans to hear, that travel very quickly (from ~1 km/s to ~14 km/s) through the rock |
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| When we observe rock layers that have been deposited without any kind of interruption |
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| or secondary waves, are transverse waves that travel more slowly (from ~1 km/s to ~8 km/s), and vibrate the rock back and forth, causing damage to structures on the surface |
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| represent a long period during which deposition stopped, erosion removed previously formed rocks, and then deposition resumed |
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| The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus |
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| in the mantle as isotopes decay |
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| Heat from radioactive elements in the core travels to the surface through the mantle by a process of heat transfer |
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longitudinal sound waves, too low in frequency for humans to hear, that travel very quickly (from ~1 km/s to ~14 km/s) through the rock |
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transverse waves that travel more slowly (from ~1 km/s to ~8 km/s), and vibrate the rock back and forth, causing damage to structures on the surface |
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| wearing away of a rock by grinding action |
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| The brightness that a star would appear to have if it were 32 light-years (10 parsecs) away |
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the lowest temperature theoretically attainable
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| the theory that the universe originated sometime between 10 billion and 20 billion years ago from the cataclysmic explosion of a small volume of matter at extremely high density and temperature |
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| the temperature at which a liquid boils at sea level |
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| a wispy white cloud at a high altitude |
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| an effect whereby a body moving in a rotating frame of reference experiences the Coriolis force acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation |
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