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| An organism that lives in extreme environments. |
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| The angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator. |
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| Geographies where conditions are right to support complex life. |
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| The idea that Earth has been affected in the past by sudden, short-lived, violent events. |
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| Study of prehistoric life. |
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| The study of the evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms. |
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| Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic. |
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| The idea that Earth has been changed profoundly over time by slow and continuous processes. |
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Uniformitarianism
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| The idea that the same natural laws from the past are operating today. |
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| Any dangerous meteorological phenomenon with the potential to cause damage. |
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Factors Affecting Climate
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| Latitude, altitude, ocean currents, ocean proximity, and global wind patterns. |
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| Height of an object above sea level. |
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| Areas along the coast have wetter climates and milder temperatures. |
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| A measure of the amount of water vapor in the air. |
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| Used to measure humidity in air. |
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| The force produced by the weight of a column of air pushing down in a given area. |
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| Used to measure air pressure. |
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| Average kinetic energy of the individual particles of matter. |
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| Used to measure temperature. |
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| The movement of air caused by differences in air pressure. |
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| Microbes that thrive in conditions with pH levels less than 3 or greater than 9. |
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| Microbes that require salt concentrations up to 5 times greater than found in ocean water. |
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| Extremophiles found in many environments that manufacture organic compounds from inorganic compounds. |
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| Bacteria found in basaltic rocks miles underground oil-eating bacteria found in oil deposits. |
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| The basic building block of all living things on earth. |
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| Study of ancient climates. |
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| Primary waves, are longitudinal sound waves, too low in frequency humans to hear, that travel very quickly. |
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Secondary waves, are transverse waves that travel more slowly, and vibrate the rock back and forth, causing damage to structures on the surface. |
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| The point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus. |
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| Layer of earth between the crust and core. |
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Liquid Outer Core
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Definition
| A fluid layer about 2,400 kilometers thick |
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Solid radioactive inner core
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Definition
| Radioactive decay and leftover heat from the planetary formation |
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| Long duration of high temperatures |
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| Long duration of high temperatures also known as a sandstorm |
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