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| is the idea that Earth has been affected in the past by sudden, short-lived, violent events, possibly worldwide in scope[image] |
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| DescriptionAn ocean current is a continuous, directed movement of sea water generated by a number of forces acting upon the water, including wind, the Coriolis effect, breaking waves, cabbeling, and temperature and salinity differences. [image] |
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DescriptionAn ocean current is a continuous, directed movement of sea water generated by a number of forces acting upon the water, including wind, the Coriolis effect, breaking waves, cabbeling, and temperature and salinity differences.
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The global wind belts are the three wind belts or wind patterns that cover the planet: the tropical easterlies (or the trade winds) are found near the equator, the polar easterlies are found at the north and south poles, and the prevailing westerlies are found between the two.
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the state or quality of being humid.
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Atmospheric pressure, sometimes also called barometric pressure, is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth.
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| is a genus of atmospheric cloud generally characterized by thin, wispy strands, giving the type its name from the Latin word cirrus, meaning a ringlet or curling lock of hair.[image] |
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DescriptionCumulonimbus is a dense, towering vertical cloud, forming from water vapor carried by powerful upward air currents. If observed during a storm, these clouds may be referred to as thunderheads. Cumulonimbus can form alone, in clusters, or along cold front squall lines.
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cloud forming rounded masses heaped on each other above a flat base at fairly low altitude.
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Stratus clouds are low-level clouds characterized by horizontal layering with a uniform base, as opposed to convective or cumuliform clouds that are formed by rising thermals.
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an effect whereby a mass moving in a rotating system experiences a force (the Coriolis force ) acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation. On the earth, the effect tends to deflect moving objects to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern and is important in the formation of cyclonic weather systems.
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a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.
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| [image]the height of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level. |
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| the outer layer of the Earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle[image] |
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| the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.[image] |
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| the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.[image] |
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| a region around a magnetic material or a moving electric charge within which the force of magnetism acts.[image] |
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| the process of growth or increase, typically by the gradual accumulation of additional layers or matter.[image] |
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| The flow of heat from Earth's interior to the surface is estimated at terawatts (TW) and comes from two main sources in roughly equal amounts: the radiogenic heat produced by the radioactive decay of isotopes in the mantle and crust, and the pr[image]imordial heat left over from the formation of the Earth. |
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| Habitable zone, the orbital region around a star in which an Earth-like planet can possess liquid water on its surface and possibly support life.[image] |
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A terrestrial planet, telluric planet, or rocky planet is a planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals.
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| [image]Seismic data provide a “time picture” of subsurface structure. |
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A Van Allen radiation belt is a zone of energetic charged particles, most of which originate from the solar wind, that are captured by and held around a planet by that planet's magnetic field.
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| is the idea that Earth has been changed profoundly over time by slow and continuous processes[image] |
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| glacial-interglacial cycles |
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| is an interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances. Interglacials, on the other hand, are periods of warmer climate between glacial periods. [image] |
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| the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.[image] |
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| DescriptionIntensive animal farming or industrial livestock production, also known by its opponents as factory farming, is a type of intensive agriculture, specifically an approach to animal husbandry designed to maximize production, while minimizing costs. [image] |
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| [image]DescriptionMethane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH₄. It is a group-14 hydride and the simplest alkane, and is the main constituent of natural gas. |
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| [image]is the permanent removal of trees to make room for something besides forest. This can include clearing the land for agriculture or grazing, or using the timber for fuel, construction or manufacturing. Forests cover more than 30% of the Earth's land surface, according to the World Wildlife Fund. |
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| is the idea that the same natural laws that operated in Earth's past are operating today[image] |
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| the outer layer of the Earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle[image] |
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| the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.[image] |
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| the movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.[image] |
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| a region around a magnetic material or a moving electric charge within which the force of magnetism acts.[image] |
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| the process of growth or increase, typically by the gradual accumulation of additional layers or matter.[image] |
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| The flow of heat from Earth's interior to the surface is estimated at terawatts (TW) and comes from two main sources in roughly equal amounts: the radiogenic heat produced by the radioactive decay of isotopes in the mantle and crust, and the pr[image]imordial heat left over from the formation of the Earth. |
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| Habitable zone, the orbital region around a star in which an Earth-like planet can possess liquid water on its surface and possibly support life.[image] |
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A terrestrial planet, telluric planet, or rocky planet is a planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals.
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| [image]Seismic data provide a “time picture” of subsurface structure. |
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A Van Allen radiation belt is a zone of energetic charged particles, most of which originate from the solar wind, that are captured by and held around a planet by that planet's magnetic field.
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Garner, Rob. “Studying the Van Allen Belts 60 Years After America's First Spacecraft.” NASA, NASA, 30 Jan. 2018, www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2018/studying-the-van-allen-belts-60-years-after-america-s-first-spacecraft.
Denchak, Melissa. “Ocean Pollution: The Dirty Facts.” NRDC, 6 June 2019, www.nrdc.org/stories/ocean-pollution-dirty-facts.
Radiogenic Heat, large.stanford.edu/courses/2014/ph241/estrada1/.
Williams, Matt. “What Is a Terrestrial Planet?” Universe Today, 25 Aug. 2016, www.universetoday.com/50289/terrestrial-planet/. |
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