Term
| The tendon of insertion of which muscle lies medial to the parotid salivary gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the boundaries of Viborg's triangle? |
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Definition
Rostrally: caudal margin of mandible
Ventrally: Linguofacial vein
Caudodorsally: tendon of sternocephalicus |
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Term
| Which nerve supplies the sternocephalicus? Clinical significance? |
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Definition
| Accessory (CN XI). May be cut for cribbing. |
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Term
| Where does the parotid salivary duct system run, and in relation to which structures? |
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Definition
| Along ventral margin of masseter muscle, along with facial artery and vein. |
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Term
| Where can arterial pulse be taken on the head of the horse? |
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Definition
1) Transverse facial artery (caudal to lateral commissure of eye)
2) Facial artery at cranial end of masseter (near mandible) |
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Term
| Describe the buccinator muscle in the horse. |
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Definition
| Superficial and rostral buccal part and caudal molar part. |
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Term
| What vein runs ventral to the molar part of the buccinator m? Anything special about it? |
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Definition
| Buccal v. Expanded part is buccal venous sinus. |
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Term
| How can infection spread to the pituitary gland from the maxillary sinus? |
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Definition
| Deep facial and buccal vv run to floor of cranial cavity near pituitary Transverse facial v. (from maxillary sinus) connects facial v to maxillary v...drain to cavernous cranial sinus. |
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Term
| Which nerve runs between medial and lateral pterygoid mm? |
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Definition
| Mandibular n. (dividing into LIM triplets)(along with pterygoid venous plexus) |
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Term
| Where can chorda tympani be seen, and what does it innervate? |
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Definition
| Can be seen under - and joining with - Lingual of V (@triplets btw medial and lateral pterygoid mm) ventral to maxillary artery. Provides taste (SVA) from rostral 2/3 of tongue and preganglionic parasympathetics to mandibular and sublingual salivary glands). |
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Term
| What muscles can be seen near the stylohyoid bone? |
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Definition
| Stylohyoideus, caudal belly proper of digastricus |
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Term
| What are the 3 parts of the digastricus in the horse? |
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Definition
1) Caudal belly proper (small, with prominent intermediate tendon running under the stylohyoideus)
2) Occipital mandibularis (larger, fleshy)
3) Rostral belly (under mandible) |
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Term
| At which point does the linguofacial a. become the facial? |
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Definition
| After it gives off the sublingual a. |
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Term
| What 2 nerves are in relation to the stylohyoid bone and the linguofacial artery? |
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Definition
Hypoglossal:larger
Lingual of IX (glossopharyngeal): smaller, closer to stylohyoid bone. |
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Term
| What nerve runs into the thyroid foramen? Clin sig? |
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Definition
Internal branch of cranial laryngeal n. of X.
Significance: sensory to interior of the larynx. Can become paralyzed in conditions (such as strangles) involving medial pharyngeal lymph node inflammation. |
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Term
| WHat muscles form the borders of the thyroid foramen? |
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Definition
| Hyopharyngeus, thyrohyoideus, thyropharyngeus |
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Term
| What nerves run to the lacrimal gland (caudomedial to the eye)? |
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Definition
| Lacrimal branches of the opthalmic of V. |
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Term
| What's the main nerve ventral to the eyeball? |
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Definition
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Term
| What lymph node is related to the ventral aspect of the gutteral pouch? |
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Definition
| Medial retropharyngeal LN. |
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Term
| What divides the gutteral pouch into medial and lateral compartments? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the intrinsic muscles of the tongue: |
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Definition
1) Genioglossus (most medial, fan-shaped)
2) Hyoglossus
3) Styloglossus (most lateral) |
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Term
| What nerves run on the medial side of the hyoglossus m? |
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Definition
| Branches of the hypoglossal n (CN XII) |
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Term
| What nerve is related to the styloglossus m.? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which concha is NOT part of the ethmoid complex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 rostral processes of the ventral nasal concha called? Where does the space between them go? |
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Definition
| Alar process (more dorsal) and Basal fold (more ventral). The space between them goes to the nostril. |
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Term
| Should a nasogastric tube go into the middle nasal meatus? |
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Definition
| No...the tube will hit endoturbinate 2 (middle nasal concha - aka "testicle") at caudal end of MNM and bleeding will be massive! |
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Term
| What is the correct path of a nasogastric tube? |
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Definition
| Nostril -> ventral nasal meatus -> choanae -> nasopharynx -> swallowed into esophagus. |
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Term
| What are the 3 muscles in relation to the nasopharynx? |
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Definition
| Levator veli palatini (most medial), pterygopharyngeus (constrict pharynx), tensor veli palatini (most lateral, depresses soft palate) |
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Term
| What are the 2 sinuses of the dorsal nasal concha? |
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Definition
| Rostral dorsal conchal sinus (open into middle nasal meatus), caudodorsal conchal sinus (continuous with frontal sinus, and thence - through the frontomaxillary aperture - to the caudal maxillary sinus and thence to the MNM via nasalmaxillar aperture) |
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Term
| Does the middle concha communicate with the maxillary sinus? |
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Definition
| Yes, with the caudal maxillary sinus via the conchomaxillary aperture. |
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Term
| There are 2 conchomaxillary apertures. What are they? |
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Definition
1) Connects middle concha with caudal maxillary sinus
2) The slit/space over the infraorbital canal connecting the caudal ventral conchal sinus (aka medial compartment of rostral maxillary sinus) with the lateral rostral maxillary sinus. |
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Term
| What is the prominent process on the arytenoid cartilage and what is its purpose? |
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Definition
| Muscular process, for attachment of cricoarytenoideus dorsalis and lateralis mm. |
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Term
| What is palpated to grade the degree of cricoarytenoideus dorsalis m. atrophy in the horse? |
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Definition
| Muscular tubercles of arytenoid cartilage. |
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Term
| What are the bumps on the mucosa covering the corniculate processes of the arytenoid cartilage? |
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Definition
| Lymphoid follicles. Inflammation can interfere with breathing. |
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Term
| Can the pulse be felt at the facial artery in the cow? |
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Definition
| No, because insertion of sternomandibularis covers it. |
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Term
| In which species is the nasopharyngeal septum found? |
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Definition
| Ruminant. Highly vascular. May function in thermoregulation and absorption of methane. |
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Term
| Enlargement of which lymph node results in difficulty breathing? How can you tell clinically? |
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Definition
| Medial retropharyngeal lymph node. Animal may breath open-mouthed with neck outstretched. |
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Term
| What is the tonsilar sinus, and in which species is it found? |
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Definition
| A recess in the soft palate near the base of the tongue, in which the palatine tonsils are found. Ruminant only. |
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Term
| Is the cuneiform process present in the ruminant larynx? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which species have lateral ventricles of the larynx? |
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Definition
Horse (allows for breathing + drinking)
None in cow. |
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