Term
|
Definition
- at wings and extensor process
- tx: bar shoe, except if extensor process fx --> sx (arthroscopic removal)
- Px: fair - good |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most are comminuted
Tx: PIPJ arthrodesis
Px: fair - good for athletes after arthrodesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
common injury of performance horse
Tx: lag screws
Px: good for athlete |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Types: apical, abaxial, basilar, mid-body
Tx: arthroscopy (for apical, abaxial, basilar)
Px for apical and abaxial: good for athlete
Px for basilar: guarded!
Tx for mid-body: internal (wire, screw)
Px for mid-body: gaurded |
|
|
Term
| lateral condylar fracture |
|
Definition
who? Thoroughbreds
Tx: lag screws
Px: favorable for athlete if not complete lateral displacement of fx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(less common than lateral condylar)
Tx: lag screw, +/- plate
Px: CAUTION!! propensity for catastrophic fracture of the cannon bone!! --> px is good if uncomplicated |
|
|
Term
| dorsal cortical stress fx of MC-3 |
|
Definition
("saucer fracture")
who? TB racehorses!
Tx: rest or osteostixis (drill holes thru fx line to stim new growth)
Px: very good/excellent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(common, distal is better)
****often associated with suspensory desmitis***
Tx: sx excison
Px: very good (but SD can be limiting factor) |
|
|
Term
| middle and proximal splint bone |
|
Definition
Tx: excision (+/- internal fix) if mid-shaft, just int fixation for proximal fx
*how much can you remove?
- 2/3 of distal splint
- cannot remove above this (ie not the proximal 1/3 bc suspensory attaches there
Px: good |
|
|
Term
| carpal and tarsal slab fx |
|
Definition
(involves proximal and distal articular surfaces of cuboidal bones)
carpal slab fx:
- Tx: int fix (screws)
- Px: guarded - good
Tarsal slab fx:
- Tx: conservative/rest
- Px: fair - good
MUST Fix these, if you don't --> SEVERE arthritis |
|
|
Term
| severely comminuted P1 fx |
|
Definition
Tx: external fixator OR cast
Px: guarded to fair for breeding/pasture, VERY POOR for athlete (will have SEVERE arthritis) |
|
|
Term
| traumatic disruption of the suspensory apparatus (TDSA or "breakdown") |
|
Definition
who? TB racehorse forelimbs
Tx: fetlock arthrodesis (plate + wires)
Px: guarded -fair for breeding/pasture (NOT athlete anymore) |
|
|
Term
| Diaphyseal MC3 and MT3 fractures |
|
Definition
Tx: int fix (2 DCPs)
Px: initially = guarded for survival, but if survive, then OK for athlete if no complications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(if you have disease in one, look at the others!)
- splint
- sesamoid
- suspensory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Signs: dropped shoulder
cause: trauma
Tx: int fix (plate)
Px: fair to good for athlete!! ulnar fx have best px out of long bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tx if non-displaced: splint
- Px: good if stable
Tx if displaced: 2 DCPs
- Px: depends on survival! guarded -poor in adult; guarded -fair in foals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tx if minimally displaced: conservative
Tx if more displaced (3 options): 2 DCPs, interlocking nail, IM stack pinnning
Px in foal: guarded
Px in adult: poor
****high risk of radial nerve damage!**** |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- olecranon fx
- humeral fx
- radial nerve paralysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
where? supraglenoid tubercle
Tx: sx excision is best
Px: poor-fair for athlete, guarded-good for pasture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tx: 2 DCPs
Px for unstable diaphyseal fx: poor in adults, guarded-fair in foal
Px for other fxs of tibia: more favorable
*higher up leg = poorer px!* |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tx: 2 DCPs, nails or pins
Px in adults: VERY poor / grave --> can lacerate femoral artery and bleed out!!
Px in foals: very guarded |
|
|
Term
| DDx for swollen palmar aspect of fetlock on racehorse (3) |
|
Definition
- sesamoid fx
- proximal P1 fx
- cannon bone fx (distal) / condylar fx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- forelimb SDF
- Forelimb suspensory ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SDF tendinitis (who? tx?) |
|
Definition
who? TB forelimbs - @ mid cannon most commonly
Tx:
- shorten/roll the toe + heel support
- control exercise/stall rest for 6-8 mo)
- BAPN injection, hyaluronan, gag, MSC inj, shock wave etc...
- sx tx:
*superficial check desmotomy
*annular ligament desmotomy
* tendon splitting (best for acute lesions) |
|
|
Term
proximal suspensory ligament desmitis
(who and where?, tx?) |
|
Definition
who?
- if TB: forelimb
- if stdbred: hindlimb
Tx: (same as SDF tendinitis)
- roll the toe
- rest (lig= 8 mo layoff), bapn, hyalruonan, gag, etc
- sx:
*superficial check desmotomy
*annular lig desmotomy
*tendon splitting |
|
|
Term
flexor tendon laceration Tx? (in general)
(for SDF, DDF, suspensory) |
|
Definition
- debridement
- suture maybe
- cast immobilization > 8wks
- *heel extension shoe* |
|
|
Term
extensor tendon lacerations
- signs?
- px for athletes? |
|
Definition
- inability to flip toe forward +/- uncontrolled knuckling
- px: good for athletes |
|
|
Term
cruciate lig damage
- px? dx? |
|
Definition
dx by arthroscopy (dont actually do anything but look)
px: poor |
|
|
Term
| Tx for upward fixation of patella |
|
Definition
| -medial patellar ligament desmotomy |
|
|
Term
stringhalt
- sign?
- disease type?
- Tx? |
|
Definition
- hyperflexion of hocks at walk
- neuromuscular disease
- Tx: lateral digital extensor tenectomy |
|
|
Term
| fetlock dropped close to ground. Dx? |
|
Definition
| suspensory ligament laceration |
|
|
Term
| mild dropping of fetlock, maybe. Dx? |
|
Definition
| superficial flexor tendon laceration |
|
|
Term
| toe flips up as horse bears weight on foot. Dx? Tx? |
|
Definition
DDF tendon laceration
- Tx: heel shoe extension
- px: good for athletes |
|
|
Term
| Tx for rotational abnormalities? say if externally rotated (most common..) |
|
Definition
- corrective trimming
- if external: treated by rasping the lateral aspect
of the hoof walls. |
|
|
Term
| periosteal elevation vs transphyseal bridging |
|
Definition
- growth acceleration --> periosteal elev on concave aspect
- growth retardation --> transphyseal bridging on convex aspect via screws, staples, wire |
|
|
Term
| when to do corrective osteotomy/ectomies for angular deformities? |
|
Definition
- when not sufficient growth left to accommodate the angular deformity
- salvage procedure, doesnt address ST issues |
|
|
Term
| up to how old can you do periosteal stripping/transphyseal bridging on FETLOCK? |
|
Definition
| 4 weeks (growth cessesation at 9 mo) |
|
|
Term
| up to how old can you do periosteal stripping/transphyseal bridging on tarsus? |
|
Definition
| 4 months (growth cessation at 21 mo) |
|
|
Term
| up to how old can you do periosteal stripping/transphyseal bridging on CARPUS? |
|
Definition
| 6 months (growth cessation at 21 mo) |
|
|
Term
| primary issue with contracted tendons? |
|
Definition
| - length disparity b/w tendons and bone (not a contracture issue with tendon) |
|
|
Term
see a horse walking on toe, "club foot"
- dx? |
|
Definition
signs of DIP flexoral deformity
- cannot put heel fully on ground
- stage 1: <90 degrees, good px
- stage 2: >90 degrees, poor px |
|
|
Term
| see a horse with a fetlock that is upright, straighter than normal... Dx? |
|
Definition
- metacarpophalangeal joint flexural deformity --> fetlock contracture
*can progress to knuckling |
|
|
Term
| px for carpal contracture? |
|
Definition
- if manual reduction possible, good px
- no reduction, guarded, but cure possible
look on rads for incomplete cuboidal bone ossification |
|
|
Term
| conservative tx of congenital deformities? |
|
Definition
- limit exercise
- nsaids
- oxytetracycline! high dose |
|
|
Term
| congenital deformity treatment of flexural issues? |
|
Definition
no sx!!
- hoof trimming (lower heel to encourage stretch, avoid trimming weak toe)
- toe extensions
- splinting/casting |
|
|
Term
| acquired deformity tx of flexoral issues (ie got it after birth) |
|
Definition
- hoof trimming and toe extensions
- splint/cast, nsaids
- surgery!
* if Distal jt: inferior check lig desmotomy or DDFT tenotomy
* MCP joint: superior check lig desmotomy (rarely done - high complication rate)
*carpal jt: ulnaris lateralis, flexor carpi ulnaris |
|
|
Term
| complications of inferior check lig desmotomy? (why done?) |
|
Definition
(done to tx DIP flexoral deformity)
- white hairs
- infection
- carpal sheath breach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
**no splinting or bandaging (ok if light bandage if abraded and need protection)
- heel extension
- will resolve in first few days of life! so px good |
|
|
Term
| extensor tendon rupture tx? when? unilateral or bilateral? signs? |
|
Definition
- bilateral
- often with flexural deformities
- tx: stall rest
- signs: carpal varus |
|
|
Term
| extensor tendon contracture tx? |
|
Definition
| support wraps and facilitated extension |
|
|
