Term
| What is evaluated when considering the birth canal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 components of pelvimetry? |
|
Definition
| Transverse diameter, Conjugate diameter, Vertical diameter, Pelvic inclination, Pelvic axis |
|
|
Term
| What is the Cr most part of the pelvic symphysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the V enlargement of S1? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the transverse diameter widest in the mare? |
|
Definition
| Between or just above acetabula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Line extending from pecten to sacral promontory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pecten of pubis to V surface of sacrum or Cd 1 vert |
|
|
Term
| The vertical diameter is usually ____ to the pelvic floor. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Angle subtended @ the pecten of the pubis by the conjugate & vertical diameters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Median line drawn btw pelvic surface of sacrum & D surface of pelvic symphysis |
|
|
Term
| What component of pelvimetry defines the midpoint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is a straight or curved pelvic axis better for parturition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Compared to the ox, the horse has a ____ ischial tuberosity & ischial spine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The horse has a ____ sacrotuberous lig., whereas the dog has a ____ one. |
|
Definition
| Well developed broad; less developed |
|
|
Term
| In the mare, the pelvic entrance is ___ & ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the stallion, the pelvic entrance is ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pelvic floor in the mare is ____ & ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____ of the pelvic cavity is nearly straight. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the mare, the features of the pelvis are in accord w/ ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the mare, the ____ walls of the pelvis have ______ than in the dog or ox. |
|
Definition
| Lateral; more soft tissue |
|
|
Term
| The pelvic cavity in the mare is relatively _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The mare has a generally _______ pelvic axis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pelvic exit in the mare is relatively ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the scrotum of the stallion. |
|
Definition
| Globular w/ no distinct neck; tightly encloses the testis |
|
|
Term
| Testes of the stallion are relatively ____ in the scrotum. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The testes of the stallion are ____ to the ____ end of the pelvis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can the scrotum of the stallion be seen from a Cd view? Why/why not? |
|
Definition
| No; high between the thighs |
|
|
Term
| The scrotum of the stallion has ____ hair, & ____ look & feel (____). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is btw the 2 halves of the scrotum in the stallion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What artery supplies the scrotum in the stallion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of castration separates the skin & external spermatic fascia from the cremasteric fascia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the tissue layers of the stallion's scrotum, from external to internal? |
|
Definition
| Skin, Dartos (tunica dartos), External Spermatic fascia, Cremasteric Fascia, Internal Spermatic fascia |
|
|
Term
| What is the tunica dartos composed of? |
|
Definition
| Fibroelastic tissue & smooth m. |
|
|
Term
| Is the tunica dartos easy or difficult to separate from the skin of the scrotum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the midline, the dartos forms the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What attaches the dartos to the spermatic sac/vaginal tunic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The scrotal lig. attaches _____ to ____. |
|
Definition
| Dartos; Spermatic Sac (Vaginal tunic) |
|
|
Term
| The external spermatic fascia is derived from _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cremasteric fascia is derived from ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The internal spermatic fascia is derived from ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vaginal tunic is a diverticulum of the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the external spermatic fascia attaches to the dartos? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cremasteric m. arises from the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In closed castration, one does not enter the _____. |
|
Definition
| Vaginal cavity of vaginal tunic |
|
|
Term
| The internal spermatic fascia adheres ____ to the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The cavity of the vaginal tunic is directly continuous w/ the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the nerve supply to the scrotum? |
|
Definition
| V br's of L2&3 spinal nn.; a little from preputial & scrotal br. of pudendal n. |
|
|
Term
| Scrotal/_____ lnn. lie around the ____. |
|
Definition
| Superficial Inguinal; spermatic cord |
|
|
Term
| Describe the shape of the testis. |
|
Definition
| Rounded or oval; Flattened mediolaterally |
|
|
Term
| The testis has a ____ long axis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The spermatic cord is _____ to the long axis of the testis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The mediastinum testis is ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The epididymis lies on the ______ of the testis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Caput Epididymis projects a little beyond _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Cauda Epididymis projects more ____ beyond the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the lig. of the tail of the epididymis. |
|
Definition
| Well-formed; Attaches tail to vaginal tunic |
|
|
Term
| What attaches the tail of the epididymis to the caudal pole of the testis? |
|
Definition
| Proper lig. of the testis |
|
|
Term
| What must be transected post-mortem to free the epididymis from the testis? |
|
Definition
| Proper lig. of the testis |
|
|
Term
| The deferent duct leaves the tail of the epididymis & ascends the _____ as part of the ____. |
|
Definition
| Inguinal canal; Spermatic cord |
|
|
Term
| What is the main blood supply to the testis & epididymis? |
|
Definition
| Testicular (Spermatic) a. |
|
|
Term
| What does the testicular/spermatic a. arise from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The testicular a. is on the ____ border of the spermatic cord. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The testicular a. is ____ as it approaches the testis. (an equine peculiarity) |
|
Definition
| Tortuous (Tortuous br's on surfaces of testis*) |
|
|
Term
| Where does the testicular a. send branches? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do vv. form around the testicular a. after leaving the testis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the pampiniform plexus have to prevent back-flow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vein is free from the pampiniform plexus, high up in the inguinal canal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What blood vessel(s) run alongside the DD? |
|
Definition
| Cremasteric/Deferent a. & v. |
|
|
Term
| What large structures accompany the testicular & deferent vv.? Where do they go? |
|
Definition
| Lymphatic vessels; Medial iliac ln. |
|
|
Term
| What color is the parenchyma of the testis/epididymis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Scrotal skin & vaginal process incised |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Only scrotal skin incised; Transect distal to a ligature, or emasculate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is retained w/ sterilization? |
|
Definition
| Testis & Libido (Testosterone still produced) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vaginal process opened, Ligature btw tail of epididymis & body & DD; Remove intervening tail tissue |
|
|
Term
| How does removing the tail of the epididymis sterilize the horse? |
|
Definition
| Spermatozoa don't enter DD & can't be carried to exterior |
|
|
Term
| How many accessory sex glands does the horse have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the enlarged terminal part of the DD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What accessory sex gland is best developed in the horse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ejaculatory duct? |
|
Definition
| The common duct of the ampulla of the DD & the ipsilateral vesicular gland |
|
|
Term
| Describe the ejaculatory duct. Where does it open? |
|
Definition
| Short; side of the seminal colliculus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| D mound-like feature of initial part of urethra |
|
|
Term
| The ampulla of the DD has many _____ which secrete a lot of _____. |
|
Definition
| Tubular glands; Seminal Fluid |
|
|
Term
| The accessory sex glands are all within the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are the accessory sex glands palpable per rectum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which accessory sex glands are palpable per rectum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the accessory sex glands. |
|
Definition
| Seminal Vesicle, DD, Prostate, Bulbourethral, Ampulla of DD |
|
|
Term
| Unlike in other species, the equine vesicular gland is ______. |
|
Definition
| A true vesicle, being sac-like |
|
|
Term
| What is the shape of the seminal vesicle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vesicular gland lies on the ___ side of the ___, within the ____. |
|
Definition
| D; Urinary Bladder; Genital Fold |
|
|
Term
| The vesicular gland has a ___ wall. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The vesicular gland has ___ & ___ coats. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The seminal vesicle has ____ membrane containing ____ glands. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The neck of the vesicular gland dips beneath the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part(s) of the prostate gland does the horse have? |
|
Definition
| Body (no pars disseminata) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the prostate gland. Where does it lie? |
|
Definition
| Discrete, compact, lying across neck of UB & beginning of pelvic urethra; Obvious lobulation present |
|
|
Term
| What connects the L & R lobes of the prostate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the isthmus of the prostate. |
|
Definition
| Flimsy; overlies terminal parts of vesicular glands & ducti deferenta |
|
|
Term
| The prostate is ____ to the pelvic urethra. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Equine prostate gland is next in relative size to that of _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prostate: Up to ____ ducts, opening separately on either side of the ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the shape of the bulbourethral gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the bulbourethral gland? |
|
Definition
| D end of pelvic urethra (as it turns around the ischial arch); (end of pelvic/beginning of penile urethra) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the bulbourethral gland. |
|
Definition
| Small; completely covered by bulboglandularis m. |
|
|
Term
| The bulbourethral gland has ___ ducts opening into the ___ part of the urethra. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the parts of the urethra? |
|
Definition
| Pelvic & Extrapelvic (Spongiose) |
|
|
Term
| The pelvic urethra is a direct, non-demarcated continuation of the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The D surface of the pelvic urethra is largely covered by ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The urethra is invested, except at the origin, by the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the internal surface of the stallion's urethra shows a ___ & ___ hillock (the ___). |
|
Definition
| M & D; Colliculus Seminalis |
|
|
Term
| What may be seen to open centrally through the seminal colliculus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What line the sides of the ejaculatory ducts? How many are there? |
|
Definition
| Prostatic Orifices; up to 20 |
|
|
Term
| The ducts of the bulbourethral glands are more ____, & on either side of the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dorsolaterally, in the same region as the ducts of the bulbourethral glands, there are _____. |
|
Definition
| Ducts of the lateral urethral glands (tubuloalveolar glands in the mucosa) |
|
|
Term
| Where does the penis arise from? By what? |
|
Definition
| Ischial arch, by L & R crura |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 main parts of the body of the penis? |
|
Definition
| Corpus spongiosum penis & corpora cavernosum penis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Large cylindrical organ ~5cm in diameter; Short when not erect (~45cm) |
|
|
Term
| The _____ penis surrounds the urethra. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many corpora cavernosum are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do the corpora cavernosum arise from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The corpora cavernosum penis fuse to form a _____ which is the ____ part of the penis, extending to the tip of the organ. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the corpus cavernosum penis consists largely of ______ oriented _____ in the ____, w/ large _____ spaces. |
|
Definition
| Smooth m.; Longitudinally; Trabeculae; Cavernous |
|
|
Term
| What type of penis does the horse have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The penis, due to its ability to expand, increases considerably in both ____ & ___ @ ____. |
|
Definition
| Length & Diameter @ Erection |
|
|
Term
| The smooth mm. of the penis are in a state of _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the tonic contraction of the smooth mm. of the penis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The smooth mm. of the corpus cavernosum penis are under ____ innervation; erection is due to ____ activity. |
|
Definition
| Sympathetic; Parasympathetic |
|
|
Term
| The urethra & corpus spongiosum penis are ___ to the _____ & are outside the ____. |
|
Definition
| V; Corpus cavernosum penis; Tunica Albuginea |
|
|
Term
| Does the tunica albuginea enclose the corpus spongiosum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of penis do pigs & ruminants have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What encloses the corpus spongiosum throughout its length? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The transverse fibers of the bulbospongiosus m. bridge the _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the retractor penis m. smooth or striated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the bulbospongiosus m. smooth or striated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the retractor penis m. course? |
|
Definition
| The entire V part of the body of the penis |
|
|
Term
| The retractor penis m. dips btw the transverse fibers of the ____, to lie ____ to it, close to the ___ part of the penis. |
|
Definition
| Bulbospongiosus m., D, terminal |
|
|
Term
| Comment on the size of the glans penis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the erectile tissue of the glans penis an extension of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The erectile tissue of the glans penis caps the ___ end of the ____. |
|
Definition
| Distal; Corpus cavernosum penis |
|
|
Term
| How many main parts does the glans penis have? Name them. |
|
Definition
| 3; Corona Glandis; D Process of the Glans; Collum (Neck) Glandis |
|
|
Term
| What links the corona glandis to the D process of the glans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The free part of the penis is ___ rather than ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the terminal part of the penis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does the horse have an os penis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The urethra ends as the ____. |
|
Definition
| Cylindrical Urethral Process |
|
|
Term
| What recess surrounds the urethral process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the urethral process project? |
|
Definition
| Only a little beyond the glans |
|
|
Term
| What is the D diverticulum of the fossa glandis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the penis may contain smegma/the bean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do the pig & dog have a urethral process? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Desquamated epithelial cells, dirt, bacteria, fat |
|
|
Term
| What does "the bean" present like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a characteristic equine feature of the prepuce? |
|
Definition
| 2 folds (1 telescoping into the other) |
|
|
Term
| The inner fold of the prepuce is the _____, w/ ____ as orifice. |
|
Definition
| Preputial fold; Preputial Ring |
|
|
Term
| Which preputial fold is extra/not seen in other domestic species? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which preputial fold has the main opening? What is it called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the usual orifice in the prepuce of all species? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the preputial folds at erection? |
|
Definition
| Both pulled over elongated shaft of penis |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the Cr & Cd preputial mm? |
|
Definition
| Cr: Protract; Cd: Retract the prepuce |
|
|
Term
| What animal has the best developed preputial mm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does the stallion have preputial mm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main blood supply to the penis? (What does it come from?) |
|
Definition
| a. of the penis (from internal pudendal a.) |
|
|
Term
| The internal pudendal a. is a branch of the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 br's of the a. of the penis? |
|
Definition
| Deep a. of the penis, D a. of the penis, a. of the bulb |
|
|
Term
| Where does the deep a. of the penis go? |
|
Definition
| To the erectile tissue (corpora spongiosum & cavernosum) @ the root of the penis |
|
|
Term
| Where does the D a. of the penis go? |
|
Definition
| to the D surface of the penis |
|
|
Term
| Where does the a. of the bulb go? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 aa. that supply the penis? |
|
Definition
| a. of the penis, obturator a., external pudendal a. |
|
|
Term
| Which artery supplying the penis is an equine peculiarity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The external pudendal a. provides the _____ in the stallion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Venous drainage is usually @ the ___ of the penis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vv. drain the penis in most species? |
|
Definition
| Internal Pudendal v. (--> Internal Iliac v.) |
|
|
Term
| What vv. drain the penis in the horse? |
|
Definition
| Internal pudendal v., Major v. of the external pudendal v. (-->Ext iliac); Obturator v. (--> Int Iliac) |
|
|
Term
| Where does the external pudendal v. pass? |
|
Definition
| Through the origin of the gracilis m. & pectineus m. |
|
|
Term
| Only a small division of the external pudendal v. passes through the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the external pudendal v. during breeding? |
|
Definition
| Abduction of the hind limbs stretches the mm., constricting the v. |
|
|
Term
| In non-equine mammals, does the ext. pudendal v. drain the penis? Where does it pass? |
|
Definition
| No; Entirely through the inguinal canal |
|
|
Term
| Does the obturator v. pass through the m? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| @ erection, what happens to venous return? |
|
Definition
| Impeded to sustain erection |
|
|
Term
| What a. supplies the prepuce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What v. drains the prepuce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deep inguinal lnn. send efferents to ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the main lnn. draining the hindquarters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What must be done to remove a mummified fetus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the ovaries located? |
|
Definition
| Sublumbar (under L4 or 5) close to abd roof |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the equine ovary. |
|
Definition
| Very large (largest & longest among domestic species), up to 9cm diameter @ estrus |
|
|
Term
| What is the shape of the ovary? |
|
Definition
| Bean/kidney-shaped w/ marked concavity on V (non-peritoneal) side |
|
|
Term
| What is the depression in the ovary? (Equine peculiarity) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the ovarian follicles? |
|
Definition
| w/i the deep substance of the ovary (not the cortex, like other spp) |
|
|
Term
| Describe mature ovarian follicles. |
|
Definition
| Only project slightly on ovarian surface, yet up to 7cm in diameter & containing 50-80mL of fluid |
|
|
Term
| When does a new set of follicles develop? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is formed & persists until ~150 days of pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe pregnancy after 150 days. |
|
Definition
| Maintained in the absence of corpora lutea |
|
|
Term
| Describe the ovarian bursa. |
|
Definition
| Shallow peritoneal pocket |
|
|
Term
| What is the ovarian bursa bounded by? |
|
Definition
| Proper lig. of the ovary & peritoneum medially, Mesosalpinx laterally, Ovary + Mesosalpinx Cr, Uterine Horn Cd |
|
|
Term
| Where is the opening of the ovarian bursa? |
|
Definition
| V (into peritoneal cavity) |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the fallopian tube? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fimbriated, funnel-shaped end |
|
|
Term
| What is the funnel-shaped end of the uterine tube? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What portions of the oviduct are coiled? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the oviduct fimbriated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the oviduct join the uterine horn? (Where?) |
|
Definition
| Abruptly, at a sphinctered papilla (at uterotubal junction) |
|
|
Term
| The mucosa of the oviduct is thrown into _____; also ____ & ____. |
|
Definition
| Longitudinal folds; secondary & tertiary folds |
|
|
Term
| What is the Cr oviduct called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the uterine horn? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the uterine horn? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the uterine horns |
|
Definition
| Flattened T-shape arrangement, oviductal end rounded & blunt; Relatively short |
|
|
Term
| How is the uterine horn suspended? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The broad lig. has remnant of _____ laterally. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to the uterine horn after pregnancy/parturition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the mucosa of the uterine horn. |
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Definition
| Uniform w/ certain slightly raised areas or rings (endometrial cups) |
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Term
| When do endometrial cups appear more obvious? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is attributed to the endometrial cups? |
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Definition
| Localized endocrine function |
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Term
| What is the brown material of varying sizes floating in the amnion or allantois? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of hippomanes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What other animals are hippomanes found in? |
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Definition
| Ox, Sheep, Pig (Mostly Horse) |
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Term
| Describe the uterine body |
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Definition
| Almost as long as uterine horns (longest in horse); Large capacity |
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Term
| Where is the uterine body located? |
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Definition
| Abd & pelvic placement, in part |
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Term
| Where does the fetus lie in the pregnant mare? |
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Definition
| In one uterine horn & the body of the uterus |
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Term
| What happens occasionally in the pregnant mare w/ the fetus? |
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Definition
| Carried in the body & both uterine horns equally (transverse presentation) |
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Term
| Uterine horns gradually move ____ w/ gestation, until they come close to the ___ & ___. |
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Definition
| Cr; Xiphoid Cartilage & Diaphragm |
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Term
| What is another name for the neck of the uterus? Where is it located? |
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Definition
| Cervix uteri; btw cervix & vagina |
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Term
| Describe the cervical canal. |
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Definition
| Straight w/ longitudinal folds lining it; Easy to catheterize |
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Term
| The vaginal part of the cervix uteri is _____, hence conspicuous _____, w/ ____ folds. |
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Definition
| Rounded; Annular Vaginal Fornix; Radial |
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Term
| What are the radial folds of the cervix uteri continuous with? |
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Definition
| Mucosal folds lining the cervical canal |
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Term
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Definition
| Vaginal fornix not yet @ estrus |
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Term
| What is the rounded vaginal part of the annular vaginal fornix? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| The annular vaginal fornix at estrus |
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Term
| What part of the vagina is intraperitoneal? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the vagina located? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Capacious cavity, lined by mucus membrane thrown into longitudinal folds (continuous w/ those of the cervix) |
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Term
| What part of the vagina is retroperitoneal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the vestibule bounded by? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Cr border of the vestibule is at the level of the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What may be at the level of the urethral orifice in the mare? |
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Definition
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Term
| The vestibule rises ____ from ___ end. |
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Definition
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Term
| The external urethral orifice is ____, & predisposed to ____. |
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Definition
| highly dilatable (short urethra); Prolapse |
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Term
| Describe the glans clitoridis. |
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Definition
| Largest in the horse; conspicuous, rounded body |
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Term
| When is the glans clitoridis exposed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What surrounds or covers the glans clitoridis? |
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Definition
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Term
| The vestibule has ___ rows of ___ glands. |
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Definition
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Term
| The lips of the vulva appose to form ____ & ___ commissures. |
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Definition
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Term
| In most mammals, the labial commissure lies @ level of ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| In certain Thoroughbred lines, the _____ labial commissure is elevated to a ___ position. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are consequences of the D labial commissure being elevated to a D position? |
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Definition
| Anus pushed/displaced Cr; Floor of vestibule elevated; Constricture of vulvae becomes inefficient in closing rima vulvae; Fecal Contamination of urogenital tract; Wind-sucking |
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Term
| When D labial commissure is elevated, a combination of several factors lead to _____. |
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Definition
| Inflammation, Infection, Infertility/Sterility |
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Term
| Where is the anus sunken when pushed/displaced Cr? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when the floor of the vestibule is elevated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the clitoris in the mare? Describe it. |
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Definition
| In clitoral fossa; All parts (esp glans) well-devo in mare |
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Term
| What happens to the clitoris during estrus? |
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Definition
| Protrudes or extrudes periodically ("Winking") |
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Term
| What are the deep & superficial sinuses of the clitoris? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many clitoral sinuses are there in the mare? |
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Definition
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Term
| What may be harbored in the clitoral sinuses? |
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Definition
| Contagious equine metritis organisms |
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Term
| What is the blood supply to the genital tract of the mare? |
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Definition
| Ovarian a., Uterine a, Vaginal a. |
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Term
| Where does the ovarian a. branch off from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the br's of the ovarian a.? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ovarian br. is ____ in mesovarium. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an equine peculiarity of the ovarian a? |
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Definition
| Divides into several br's ramifying on ovarian surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Large, but not as complexly & intimately intertwined w/ the a. as in other spp. |
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Term
| Where does the uterine a. derive from? |
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Definition
| External iliac a (Rarely internal iliac) |
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Term
| What is the MAIN blood supply to the uterus? |
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Definition
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Term
| The uterine a. has several br's w/i the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What side is incised for C-sections? Why? |
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Definition
| Antimesometrial; Less vascular |
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Term
| Where does the vaginal a. derive from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the vaginal a. supply? |
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Definition
| Vagina, Cervix, Cd Uterus, UB, Pelvic Urethra |
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Term
| What supplies the vagina & vestibule, along w/ the vaginal a.? |
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Definition
| Vestibular br of Internal pudendal a. |
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Term
| The vv. are ____ of the aa. |
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Definition
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Term
| How many mammae does the mare have? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the mammae located, relative to e/o? |
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Definition
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Term
| Comment on the size of the equine mammae. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the mammae located? |
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Definition
| Inguinal region, btw the thighs |
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Term
| What is btw the 2 mammary glands? |
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Definition
| Longitudinal (Intermammary) Groove |
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Term
| How are the mammae compressed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the teat of the mare. |
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Definition
| Conical, bearing 2 teat orifices (2 main duct systems) |
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Term
| Describe the skin of the mammae. |
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Definition
| Has sparse, fine hair, & glistening oily look (sweat glands & sebaceous glands) |
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|
Term
| How many mammary glands does each mamma have? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of mammae does the mare have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the suspensory ligg. of the mammae. |
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Definition
| Elastic M, Fibrous L; less-devo than cow |
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Term
| What is the main blood source to the mammae? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What vv. drain the mammary glands? |
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Definition
| External pudendal v. & Superficial Cd epigastric v. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Superficial Cd epigastric v. |
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|
Term
| What divides the mammary glands into lobes & lobules? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the lnn. of the mammae? |
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Definition
| Superficial Inguinal/Mammary lnn. |
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|
Term
| Describe the mammary lnn. |
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Definition
| Several, scattered btw V abd wall & mammary gland |
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|
Term
| Where do efferents of the mammary lnn. go? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cutaneous innervation of the mammae? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the udder parenchyma/substance innervated by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do the mammae have symp or parasymp innervation? |
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Definition
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