Term
| What is the main function of the equine PL? |
|
Definition
| Propulsion, Rearing, & Speeding up |
|
|
Term
| How much of the body weight is borne by the PLs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which limbs are more subjected to injuries & lameness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of attachment does the PL have to the body? Is this the same for the TL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major extensor of the hip jt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What m. does the middle gluteal m. blend w/? What is this important for? |
|
Definition
| Longissimus lumborum; Rearing |
|
|
Term
| What are the parts of the Superficial Gluteal m? How many heads does it have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Semitendinosus m., Semimembranosus m., Biceps Femoris m. |
|
|
Term
| The hamstring mm. possess ___ heads. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the hamstrings mm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What mm. are responsible for rounding/filling of croup/rump of the horse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What keeps the stifle extended? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the hamstrings in the limb bearing wt? |
|
Definition
| Extend stifle & hock jts; Little overextension of the stifle & rotation of patella (biceps femoris) to unlock it |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the hamstrings in the limb not bearing wt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part(s) of the peroneus are present/absent? |
|
Definition
| Peroneus longus absent; Peroneus tertius completely tendinous |
|
|
Term
| What are the Cr-L mm of the PL? |
|
Definition
| Extensors of the digits & Flexors of the hock jt |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the CrL mm. of the PL? |
|
Definition
| Common Peroneal n. (Deep Peroneal) |
|
|
Term
| What are the CdM mm. of the PL, functionally? |
|
Definition
| Flexors of the digits & Extensors of the hock jt. |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the CdM mm. of the PL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is indicated by dragging of the pes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the tendinous mm. of the leg? |
|
Definition
| Peroneus tertius, SDF, DDf, Interosseus |
|
|
Term
| What is the reason for the tendinous nature of the leg mm? |
|
Definition
| Supporting the jts, wt bearing w/ less m. activity, Prevent overextension of jts |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of the common calcaneal tendon? |
|
Definition
| Biceps femoris, Gastrocnemius, SDF, Gracilis, Semitendinosus, & Soleus mm. |
|
|
Term
| Does the horse have a soleus m.? Does the dog? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is/are the genetically determined calcaneal bursa(e)? |
|
Definition
| btw Calcaneus & Gastrocnemius tendon, & btw Gastrocnemius & SDF tendon |
|
|
Term
| Where is/are the acquired calcaneal bursa(e)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the trochanteric bursa? |
|
Definition
| Btw Cr part of Greater Trochanter & aponeurotic attachment of Accessory Gluteal m. |
|
|
Term
| What type of bursa is the trochanteric bursa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can happen to the trochanteric bursa? |
|
Definition
| Inflammation --> Trochanteric Bursitis |
|
|
Term
| How does the trochanteric bursa become inflamed? (How can this be avoided?) |
|
Definition
| Prolonged L recumbency, ex during Sx (Avoid w/ cushioning) |
|
|
Term
| What is the main a. of the PL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the branch & continuation of the femoral a.? |
|
Definition
| Saphenous & Popliteal aa. |
|
|
Term
| What is the last br of the femoral a? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the saphenous a? |
|
Definition
| In the femoral triangle; Courses distally & superficially on M & Cd aspect of limb |
|
|
Term
| Where does the femoral become the popliteal a? |
|
Definition
| Cd aspect of stifle jt (btw heads of gastrocnemius m.) |
|
|
Term
| What does the popliteal a. divide into? |
|
Definition
| Cr Tibial a., then Cd Tibial a. |
|
|
Term
| What does the saphenous a. divide into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Cr Tibial a. gives off the _____, which becomes the ____ at the hock. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the Cr Tibial a.? |
|
Definition
| Passes through interosseous space (btw fibula & tibia) Cr-ward on DL part of tibiofibular segment |
|
|
Term
| What is the main blood supply to the crus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What a. comes off of the D Pedal a.? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the Perforating Tarsal a.? |
|
Definition
| Passes through vascular canal of hock to plantar surface |
|
|
Term
| What is the largest a. of the foot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Passes below L splint to plantar surface |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for D Mt a. III? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main blood vessel for the equine pes, including the digit & hoof? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is larger - Cr Tibial a. or Cd Tibial a.? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the Cd Tibial a? |
|
Definition
| Runs distally along w/ DDF m.; Joins saphenous a. @ Sigmoid anastomosis |
|
|
Term
| Where are the M & L Plantar aa? |
|
Definition
| Superficially in the plantar grooves, along the digital flexor tendons |
|
|
Term
| Which plantar a. joins the D Mt a? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which a. joins the saphenous? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is formed by the anastomotic br's derived from the perforating tarsal a. & br's of the M & L plantar aa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What forms the Deep Plantar Arch? |
|
Definition
| anastomotic br's derived from the perforating tarsal a. & br's of the M & L plantar aa |
|
|
Term
| Where do the M & L plantar Mt aa. come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the plantar aa. join? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the plantar Mt aa. join? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What must be removed to access the L & M Plantar Mt aa? |
|
Definition
| Skin, SDF tendon, DDF tendon, Interosseous m. |
|
|
Term
| What does the Dorsal Mt a. III divide into? Where? |
|
Definition
| M & L Plantar Proper Digital aa.; just proximal to the fetlock jt |
|
|
Term
| _____ from the M & L plantar proper digital aa. go to D surfaces of the proximal & middle phalanges. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| D brs from the M & L plantar proper digital aa. go to D surfaces of the ______. |
|
Definition
| proximal & middle phalanges |
|
|
Term
| What is formed by the anastomosis of the D & Plantar brs of the Digital aa? Where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What forms the terminal arch? |
|
Definition
| D & Plantar brs of Digital aa. |
|
|
Term
| The Perforating Tarsal a. is on the ____ surface of the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The M & L Plantar aa. are in the ____. |
|
Definition
| Mt ridge in Plantar Groove |
|
|
Term
| The M & L Plantar Mt aa. are deep to the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ are satellites to aa. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are there more vv. or aa. in the PL? (Why?) |
|
Definition
| vv. (Less P, carrying blood against gravity) |
|
|
Term
| What are the most important & prominent superficial vv.? |
|
Definition
| D Mt v. II; M & L Saphenous vv.; Femoral v. |
|
|
Term
| Femoral v. --> ___ ==> ___ --> ___ |
|
Definition
| Ext iliac vv., Common iliac v., Cd VC |
|
|
Term
| What is the main venous drainage of the pes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is formed by the highly developed ntwk of vv. in the hoof dermis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What plexus is along the coronary band? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What plexus is on the D hoof? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the venous plexuses of the pes/manus? |
|
Definition
| Coronary; D; Plantar/Palmar |
|
|
Term
| What v. runs into the venous plexuses of the pes? |
|
Definition
| L Plantar Proper Digital v. |
|
|
Term
| What is the main lymphocenter of the PL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the popliteal lymphocenter? What does it drain? Where do its efferents go? |
|
Definition
| Several lnn. in popliteal fossa; drain part of limb distal to it; Deep inguinal lnn. |
|
|
Term
| The entire PL has ____ as its lymph drainage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the quads? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is innervated by the obturator n? |
|
Definition
| Adductor, Pectineus, Gracilis mm. |
|
|
Term
| What are the main nn. of the PL? (& applicable parts) |
|
Definition
| Femoral, Obturator, Sciatic (Tibial & Common Peroneal) |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the distal PL? |
|
Definition
| Tibial & Common Peroneal nn. |
|
|
Term
| Common Peroneal n. innervates _____. |
|
Definition
| Extensors of Digits/Flexors of Hock (CrL) |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the common peroneal n.? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the deeper structures of the D face of the PL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the Common Peroneal n. divide into? Where? |
|
Definition
| Superficial & Deep Peroneal nn.; L aspect of stifle |
|
|
Term
| What part of the limb is innervated by the superficial peroneal n? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the superficial peroneal n. lie? |
|
Definition
| Btw Long & Lateral Digital Extensor Tendons |
|
|
Term
| What supplies the latter mm. & skin of the L part of leg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To what level does the superficial peroneal n. continue? |
|
Definition
| Distally to fetlock level |
|
|
Term
| The deep peroneal n. becomes ____ after it branches to CrL group of mm. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the terminal br's of the deep peroneal n? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the M & L D Mt nn. supply? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most nn. become ____ below the ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Passes distally btw heads of gastrocnemius m. in popliteal region |
|
|
Term
| Is the tibial n. palpable? |
|
Definition
| Yes, Cr to common calcaneal tendon, above hock |
|
|
Term
| What does the tibial n. supply? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the tibial n. become sensory? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the tibial n. divide into? Where? |
|
Definition
| M & L Plantar nn.; Cd to Calcaneus |
|
|
Term
| Where are the M & L Plantar nn located? |
|
Definition
| Superficially in plantar grooves, along the digital flexor tendons |
|
|
Term
| What is btw the M & L plantar nn. midway in the Mt? |
|
Definition
| Lateroventral Communicating Branch |
|
|
Term
| Is the communicating branch btw the plantar nn. palpable? Why or why not? |
|
Definition
| Yes; located superficial to flexor tendons |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the deep structures of the plantar aspect of the limb? |
|
Definition
| L plantar n. through M & L Plantar Mt nn. |
|
|
Term
| Where do the M & L Plantar Mt nn. end? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the L plantar n. originate? |
|
Definition
| By a common trunk/deep br of the L & M Plantar Mt nn. in the plantar groove |
|
|
Term
| The M & L Plantar nn. course distally on either side of the _____ along w/ ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The M & L Plantar nn. become ______ nn. on the sides of the prox sesamoid bb. & Cr to SDF tendon. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The M & L Plantar Digital nn. send ____ to the ___ surface of the digit. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the hip jt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of jt is the hip jt? |
|
Definition
| Synovial, Composite, Ball & Socket |
|
|
Term
| What bones comprise the hip jt? |
|
Definition
| Ilium, Pubis, Ischium, Head of femur |
|
|
Term
| What are the articular surfaces of the hip jt? |
|
Definition
| Round head of femur, Deep acetabulum |
|
|
Term
| What deepens the acetabulum? |
|
Definition
| Labrum acetabulare/Acetabular Lip |
|
|
Term
| What is the labrum acetabulare? |
|
Definition
| Fibrocartilage lip on the rim of the acetabulum |
|
|
Term
| What is the portion of the acetabular lip that traverses/bridges the acetabular notch? |
|
Definition
| Transverse Acetabular lig. |
|
|
Term
| The jt capsule of the hip is ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does the hip jt have collateral ligg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What helps stabilize the hip jt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of jts have collateral ligg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the lig. of the head of the femur. |
|
Definition
| Very stout; intra-articular portion enclosed in the synovial membrane |
|
|
Term
| Where is the lig. of the head of the femur? |
|
Definition
| Extends from acetabular fossa to the fovea capitis of the femur |
|
|
Term
| What is a unique equine feature/lig. of the femur? |
|
Definition
| Accessory lig. of the head of the femur |
|
|
Term
| Where is the accessory lig. of head of femur? |
|
Definition
| Extends from prepubic tendon, passing outwards, backwards & upwards, & through the acetabular notch to end in the fovea capitis, close to the lig. of head of femur |
|
|
Term
| What is limited by the accessory lig of H of F? |
|
Definition
| Inward rotation (Pronation) as well as abduction of the thigh |
|
|
Term
| What does the accessory lig. of H of F assist in? |
|
Definition
| Maintenance of general stability of jt |
|
|
Term
| What are the mvmts of the hip jt? |
|
Definition
| Mainly extension & flexion in a sagittal plane |
|
|
Term
| What allows little rotation of the hip? |
|
Definition
| Antagonism btw biceps femoris & semitendinosus mm. @ stifle jt |
|
|
Term
| What is the inclination angle of the shaft of the ilium to the horizontal plane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal angle of flexion of the hip jt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The hip jt is normally partially ____, therefore it ______. |
|
Definition
| Flexed; Absorbs concussion |
|
|
Term
| What protects the hip jt from injury? |
|
Definition
| Large trochanter of the femur, which is itself subjected to extensive bruising or even fracture. |
|
|
Term
| What hampers hip mvmt, while initiating forward propulsion force? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other jts of the limb _____ from the hip jt. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best example of a condylar jt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the largest single jt of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of jt is the stifle? |
|
Definition
| Synovial, Condylar, Compound |
|
|
Term
| What are the component articulations of the stifle jt? |
|
Definition
| Femoropatellar & Femorotibial jts |
|
|
Term
| What type of jt is the femoropatellar? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of jt is the femorotibial? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the bb. of the stifle jt? |
|
Definition
| Distal femur, Proximal tibia, Patella |
|
|
Term
| What are the jt capsules of the stifle? |
|
Definition
| Femoropatellar, M & L Femorotibial |
|
|
Term
| Where is the femoropatellar jt capsule? |
|
Definition
| btw trochlea of femur & patella |
|
|
Term
| Where are the M & L Femorotibial jt capsules? |
|
Definition
| btw condyles of femur & condyles of tibia |
|
|
Term
| How many synovial sacs are in the stifle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of horses have communicating femoropatellar & L femorotibial sacs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of horses have communicating femoropatellar & M femorotibial sacs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of horses have communicating L & M femorotibial sacs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The trochlea of the femur consists of ______, separated by ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which ridge of the trochlea is larger? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the M ridge of the trochlea have that is important in patellar lock? |
|
Definition
| Cartilage-covered tubercle, medially |
|
|
Term
| What is the resting surface of the trochlea? |
|
Definition
| Proximal part facing CrD (short & distal) |
|
|
Term
| What is the gliding surface of the trochlea? |
|
Definition
| The part facing CrV (Long & proximal) |
|
|
Term
| What happens in patellar lock? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the patella part of? |
|
Definition
| The tendon of insertion of the quadriceps femoris m. |
|
|
Term
| What is the cartilage borne by the medial angle of the patella? |
|
Definition
| Parapatellar fibrocartilage |
|
|
Term
| How many surfaces does the articular surface of the patella have? What are they called? |
|
Definition
| 2; Resting Surface & Gliding Surface |
|
|
Term
| The patella provides the ____ w/ a large gliding surface during ______ |
|
Definition
| Quadriceps femoris m.; Flexion & Extension |
|
|
Term
| What does the patella protect? |
|
Definition
| Tendon of insertion of quadriceps femoris from excessive friction |
|
|
Term
| What are the thick, semilunar fibrocartilage discs at the femorotibial jt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thick, semilunar fibrocartilage discs at the femorotibial jt |
|
|
Term
| The M & L Menisci are ____ @ the center. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the M & L menisci? |
|
Definition
| Provide add'l surface for lubricating action of synovial fluid; Fill space btw condyles of femur & tibia, minimizing incongruence btw bones |
|
|
Term
| Describe the jt capsule of the femorotibial jt. |
|
Definition
| Extensive & of large capacity; Thin |
|
|
Term
| Name the ligg. of the stifle jt. |
|
Definition
| M, Middle, & L Patellar ligg., M & L Collateral ligg., Cr & Cd Cruciate ligg., Cr, Cd, M & L Meniscal ligg., M & L Femoropatellar ligg. |
|
|
Term
| Where do the patellar ligg. attach? |
|
Definition
| From sides of patella to tibial tuberosity |
|
|
Term
| What are the patellar ligg? |
|
Definition
| Tendons of insertion of the quadriceps femoris m. |
|
|
Term
| Where do the collateral ligg. of the stifle attach? |
|
Definition
| M: From M epicondyle of femur to M Condyle of Tibia L: From L epicondyle of femur to Head of Fibula |
|
|
Term
| Where is the Cr Cruciate lig? |
|
Definition
| from fossa of spine of tibia, to L wall of intercondylar fossa of femur |
|
|
Term
| The Cd Cruciate lig runs _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Cr Cruciate lig runs _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the Cd cruciate lig? |
|
Definition
| from popliteal notch of tibia, to Cr part of intercondyloid fossa of femur |
|
|
Term
| What covers the Cd cruciate lig? |
|
Definition
| Synovial membrane (intra-articular) |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the cruciate ligg? |
|
Definition
| Stabilize stifle, prevent excessive gliding of femur on tibia, prevent over-extension (esp. Cr), prevent over-flexion (Cr & Cd) of stifle |
|
|
Term
| What is more common of the stifle - over-extension or over-flexion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the meniscal ligg? |
|
Definition
| Attach Cr & Cd horns of menisci to Cr & Cd intercondylar areas of tibia |
|
|
Term
| How many meniscal ligg are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the meniscal ligg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the femoropatellar ligg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the M femoropatellar lig attach? |
|
Definition
| To parapatellar fibrocartilage |
|
|
Term
| Where do both femoropatellar ligg attach? |
|
Definition
| Caudally to femoral epicondyles, from sides of patella |
|
|
Term
| What do the femoropatellar ligg fuse w/? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the femoropatellar ligg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the mvmt's of the Stifle jts? |
|
Definition
| Mainly flexion & extension, some rotation |
|
|
Term
| The stifle jt is normally partially _____; therefore ____. |
|
Definition
| Flexed; Concussion absorbing |
|
|
Term
| Which cruciate lig(g) prevent(s) hyper-extension? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cruciate lig(g) prevent(s) hyper-flexion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the stifle, both ____ & ____ move in unison. |
|
Definition
| Femoropatellar & Femorotibial jts. |
|
|
Term
| In patellar lock-position, _____ is virtually non-existent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The patellar lock is brought about by ______ m. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the quadriceps femoris do in the patellar lock? |
|
Definition
| Moves patella which glides proximally over M ridge of trochlea on which parapatellar liig hooks & rests |
|
|
Term
| Where does the parapatellar lig hook & rest in patellar lock? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In patellar lock, ______ protrudes through the loop formed by _____, ____, & ____. |
|
Definition
| M Trochlear Ridge; M & Middle Patellar ligg., Patellar Fibrocartilage |
|
|
Term
| During patellar lock, the stifle is _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The patellar lock mechanism is the key to ________. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| When stifle extends, hock _____. What ensures this? |
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Definition
| Extends; Reciprocal Apparatus |
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Term
| When does patellar lock occur? |
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Definition
| When horse bears wt on 1 limb |
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Term
| What is the angle of the stifle jt when the horse bears wt on only 1 limb? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the angle of articulation of the stifle jt w/ both limbs bearing wt? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is there patellar lock when wt is borne on both PL equally? |
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Definition
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Term
| Patellar luxation is not uncommon in ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the stifle joint have many problems? |
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Definition
| Few, but intractable when they occur |
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Term
| The stifle jt is ____, but ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where can the L femorotibial jt cavity be injected? |
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Definition
| Btw Long digital extensor tendon & L collateral lig |
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Term
| Where can the M femorotibial jt cavity be injected? |
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Definition
| Btw M Patellar lig. & M collateral lig. |
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Term
| Where can the femoropatellar jt cavity be injected? |
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Definition
| Cd to L patellar lig, close to patella |
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Term
| What type of jt is the tarsal jt? |
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Definition
| Synovial, Compound, Hinge/Ginglymus |
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Term
| What is another name for the tarsal jt? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most worked joint? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the mvmts of the tarsal jt? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many bones are in the tarsal jt? |
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Definition
| 6 usually (but less degree of mvmt btw component bones than in carpus) |
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Term
| How many rows are the tarsal bones arranged in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is in the proximal row of the tarsus? |
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Definition
| Calcaneus (fibular tarsal) & Talus (tibial tarsal) |
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Term
| What is in the distal row of the tarsus? |
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Definition
| Central, T1 + 2 fused, T3, T4 |
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Term
| Where is the vascular canal for the perforating tarsal a.? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 main articulations of the hock jt? |
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Definition
| Tarsocrural/Tibiotarsal; Intertarsal (Prox & Dist); Tarsometatarsal |
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Term
| Where is the tibiotarsal/tarsocrural jt? |
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Definition
| Btw cochlea of tibia & trochlea of talus (tibial tarsal bone) |
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Term
| The trochlea of the talus is _____ & _____. |
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Definition
| Oblique; Laterally-directed |
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Term
| The oblique, laterally-directed trochlea of the talus causes ____. |
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Definition
| Outward mvmt of hock in motion (while stifle of toe turned inward) due to prox gliding of tibia over trochlea |
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Term
| During ____, the obliquity of the trochlea of the talus assists in _____, thus avoiding _____. |
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Definition
| Flexion; Turning stifle outward; Cd Thoracic wall |
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Term
| Where is the proximal intertarsal jt? |
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Definition
| Btw Talus & Calcaneus proximally; Btw Central & T4 distally |
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Term
| Where is the distal intertarsal jt? |
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Definition
| Btw central tarsal & T4 proximally & laterally; Btw 1st & 2nd fused, & 3rd tarsal bones distally |
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Term
| Where is the tarsometatarsal jt? |
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Definition
| Btw distal row of tarsals & metatarsal bones |
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Term
| What is the joint capsule of the hock? |
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Definition
| Common jt capsule from distal tibia to peri-articular surfaces of Mt bones |
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Term
| Where does the deep surface of the jt capsule of the hock attach? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the plantar & D surfaces of the jt capsule of the hock. |
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Definition
| Thick; may be partly cartilaginous on plantar surface |
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Term
| Describe the proximal end of the jt capsule of the hock. |
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Definition
| Thin; often bulges out w/ synovial fluid accumulation (bog spavin) |
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Term
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Definition
| Disorder of the horse's hock (ex: inflam) |
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Term
| Where should injections be done for the tarsocrural jt & the proximal intertarsal jt? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many synovial sacs are in the hock jt? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the best formed, most important synovial sac of the hock? |
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Definition
| Tibiotarsal/Tarsocrural sac |
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Term
| What does the tibiotarsal/tarsocrural sac communicate w/? Do other sacs communicate? |
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Definition
| Proximal intertarsal sac; Rarely |
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Term
| Where is the M collateral lig of the hock? |
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Definition
| From M malleolus to talus & proximal ends of 2nd or 3rd Mts |
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Term
| What are the 2 portions of the M collateral lig of the hock? |
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Definition
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Term
| What encloses the short part of the M collateral lig of the hock? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the short part of the M collateral lig of the hock insert? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part of the M collateral lig of the hock is superficial? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which part of the M collateral lig of the hock is deep? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the L collateral lig of the hock? |
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Definition
| From L malleolus to calcaneus, T4, Mt3 & Mt4 |
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Term
| What are the 2 portions of the L collateral lig of the hock? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the portions of the L collateral lig of the hock insert? |
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Definition
| Caudally on talus & calcaneus |
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Term
| What is the most important lig in the tarsus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the long plantar lig. of the hock occupy? |
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Definition
| Lateroplantar aspect of hock (from calcaneus to T4 & Mt4) |
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Term
| What is the function of the long plantar lig of the hock? |
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Definition
| Stabilize calcaneus when under force of common calcanean tendon |
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Term
| What happens to the long plantar lig when swollen? What is this condition called? |
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Definition
| Due strain causes convexity of plantar surface; Curb |
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Term
| What are the ligg. of the hock? |
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Definition
| M & L collateral ligg., Long Plantar lig., Dorsal lig., Accessory lig |
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Term
| What is the shape of the dorsal lig. of the hock? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the D lig. of the hock? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the D lig. of the hock arise? |
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Definition
| Distal tuberosity on M part of talus |
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Term
| Where does the D lig. of the hock insert? |
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Definition
| Mt2 & 3, Cental Tarsal bone, T3 |
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Term
| What is the accessory lig. of the hock? |
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Definition
| Distal extension of plantar part of jt capsule |
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Term
| What does the accessory lig of the hock join? |
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Definition
| Tendon of DDF m. in mid-Mt |
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Term
| Is the accessory lig. of the hock always present? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cunean tendon? |
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Definition
| M limb of tendon of Cr Tibial m |
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Term
| What does the Cr Tibial m. tendon divide into? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the D limb of the Cr Tibial tendon insert? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the cunean tendon insert? |
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Definition
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Term
| What lies under the cunean tendon & what is it over? |
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Definition
| Subtendinous/Cunean bursa; M Collateral lig of hock |
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Term
| What can happen to the subtendinous/cunean bursa? What does this necessitate? |
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Definition
| Cunean bursitis; Cunean tendonectomy |
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Term
| What is another name for the stifle jt? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the only tendon passing over the hock that is not invested by a tendon sheath? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the tendon sheath of the Lateral DF m. & Cd Tibal m? |
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Definition
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Term
| What mm. are invested by the tarsal synovial sheath? |
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Definition
| Lateral DF & Cd Tibial mm. (2 heads of the DDF) |
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Term
| Where do tendon sheaths of the hock generally extend from? |
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Definition
| Proximal to Malleoli to the Proximal quarter of the Metatarsus |
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Term
| What are the movements of the hock jt? |
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Definition
| Mainly flexion & extension |
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Term
| Which joint of the hock has the most movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| Aside from the tarsocrural jt. the movements of the others are _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The hock jt. is normally partially _______, leading to a great deal of ________. |
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Definition
| Flexed; Concussion Absorption |
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Term
| How does the hock jt. move, compared to the hip & stifle? What is the term for this? |
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Definition
| Takes a cue from them; Reciprocal Apparatus |
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Term
| What is the hardest worked jt. in the equine body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do strains & stresses on the hock cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the reciprocal apparatus ensure? |
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Definition
| Simultaneous, reciprocal movement @ both the stifle & hock jts. |
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Term
| When the stifle jt. flexes, the hock jt. _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| When the stifle extends, the hock _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The stifle & hock jts. move _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The reciprocal apparatus is a portion of the _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The reciprocal apparatus is limited to ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the reciprocal apparatus prevent? |
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Definition
| Fatigue in mm. in prolonged standing; jerky, uncoordinated movements of the affected jt's |
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Term
| The patellar lock system is part of the ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the Cr structures of the stay apparatus? |
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Definition
| Peroneus (Fibularis) tertius m. (entirely tendinous) |
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Term
| What is the origin & insertion of the peroneus tertius m? |
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Definition
| Extensor Fossa of Femur; Cr surface of Prox end of Mt 3, 3rd tarsal, talus, 4th tarsal |
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Term
| What are the Cd structures of the stay apparatus? |
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Definition
| SDF Tendon (almost entirely tendinous); ~Gastrocnemius m. |
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Term
| Where does the SDF tendon lie? |
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Definition
| Btw 2 heads of gastrocnemius m. |
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Term
| What are the origin & insertion of the SDF? |
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Definition
| Supracondylar Fossa of Femur; Tuber Calcaneum & 1st & 2nd phalanges |
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Term
| When the stifle is locked in extension (patellar lock), the hock is _____. |
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Definition
| Indirectly locked in extension |
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Term
| What results from rupture of the peroneus tertius m? |
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Definition
| Abnormal, jerky flexing of the hock |
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Term
| What results from both peroneus tertius & SDF tendons rupturing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some terms for when the hock drops to the ground? |
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Definition
| Sinking/Dropping of the hock |
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Term
| At what level does dropping of the hock usually occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rupture of _____ leads to abnormal, jerky flexing of the hock. |
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Definition
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Term
| Rupture of _____ leads to dropping of the hock. |
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Definition
| Both peroneus tertius & SDF tendons |
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