- IV sedation helpful

- palpebral nerve block to overcome blepharospasm by orbicularis muscle

- proxymetacaine- squirt onto cornea, will anaesethetise the ocular surface

- direct and indirect opthalmoscopy

Entropion

sarcoids

SCC

trauma

not uncommon in neonatal foals, usually self limiting and frequently caused by systemic disease causing retraction of the globe.

- can use frequent manual repositioning and lubricant, but if fails, then vertical mattress sutures can be placed. Leave in for 2-4 weeks

an option to inject BCG vaccine into the lesion under sedation. upto 7 treatments are required

best option: iridium wire has the best results but is expensive and requires referral

especially in white haired horses- eyelid skin and conjuctiva

- confirm by biopsy

- treat with surgical excision

quite common, principles for surgical repair as for dogs, careful reconstruction of lid margins.

always check for corneal damage

Conjuctivitis

SCC

- usually the result of either opportunist bacterial infection associated with flies in the summer, or URT viruses

- BS ab for 5 days topically, and fly control

signs of epiphora may not appear for several months, from congenital non patency

- frequently complicated by dacrocystitis

- cannulate duct and exise over opening

- deep

- underrun

- melting

- viral

debride under topical anaesthesia

bandage lenses

treat aggressively with antibiotics and anti-collagenase agents

tiny punctate or linear ulcers, do not stain well with fluorescin, topical antiviral therapy and idoxuridine are most effective but hard to get hold of.

apply alot for the first 48 hr. then 4-6X daily .

appaloosas, warmbloods are common

- acute, non-granulomatous inflamm of the uveal tract, auto-aggressive T cell mediated disease

Treatment:

- box rest in dark box, ideally insert lavage system

- antiinflamm therapy: flunixin then oral bute

- atropine drops to effect

- enucleation  best option

acquired cataracts are complication of severe uveitis

uncommon in horses, might be due to high uveoscleral outflow in this species

- most cases are 2ndary to chronic uveitis and have a poor prognosis

-

tapetal color is related to coat color

- yellow: light coloured and chestnut animals

blue: greys and blacks

disc- horizontal oval

30-60 vessels extending from the optic disc

sudden onset blindness

becomes pale with assoc. atrophy of retinal vessels