Term
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Definition
AKA encephalitis
Caused by virus
3 strains: Eastern, Western, Venezuelan (no longer seen)
Zoonotic Risk rare but possible |
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Term
| Equine Encephalomyelitis Clinical Signs |
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Definition
Depression, ataxia, circling, anorexia, paralysis
CS can remain even if horse recovers |
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Term
| Equine Encephalomyelitis Transmission |
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Definition
Mosquito vector
Zoonotic Risk |
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Term
| Equine Encephalomyelitis Diagnosis |
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Definition
| Clinical signs, virus isolation, antibody titers |
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Term
| Equine Encephalomyelitis Prevention |
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Definition
| Vaccination, eliminate vectors |
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Term
| Equine Encephalomyelitis Treatment |
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Definition
| Supportive care, antiinflammatories, anticonvulsant |
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Term
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Definition
Virus
Cough, serous nasal discharge fever (107), enlarged lymph node, depression, anorexia |
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Term
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Definition
| Direct contact with nasal secretion, sputum, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| CS, Ab titers, virus isolation |
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Term
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Definition
Vaccination
Initial series then every 2 months of initial contact |
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Term
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Definition
Supportive nursing care
Increase ventilation |
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Term
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Definition
Caused by Herpes virus EHV-1, EHV-4
EHV-1 major cause of abortions, neurologic diseases |
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Term
| Rhinopneumonitis Clinical Signs |
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Definition
| Respiratory infection, cough, serous nasal discharge, ocular discharge, fever, conjunctivitis, depression |
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Term
| Rhinopneumonitis Transmition |
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Definition
Suspect latent carriers exist
Direct or indirect contact with nasal secretions, placenta, fetus |
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Term
| Rhinopneumonitis Diagnosis |
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Definition
| Clinical signs, Ab titer, virus isolation |
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Term
| Rhinopneumonitis Treatment |
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Definition
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Term
| Rhinopneumonitis Prevention |
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Definition
Vaccination
Initial series then every 2-3 months if competing
Pregnant mares months 3, 5, 7, 9 |
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Term
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Definition
First seen USA 1999
Now endemic to USA
Virus similar to St Louis encephalitis
Transmitted by mosquito
Birds amplify virus
Incubation 4-14 days till CS
Zoonotic through mosquitoes |
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Term
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Definition
30% muscle twitching, 20% narcosis, chewing, hyper-responsive, ataxia, weakness, down
No fever
Hypermetria in healing stage
30% mortality once CS show
70% mortality if recumbent |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Supportive, banamine, IV DMSO, IV fluids, interferon, plasma
Sedatives, slings, helmets to minimize damage when down |
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Term
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Definition
| Vaccination, control mosquito population |
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Term
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Definition
Viral disease effecting all mammals
Resportable Disease |
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Term
| Vesicular Stomatitis Clinical Signs |
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Definition
Vesicles in mucus membranes, surfaces, teats, excessive salivation, lameness
Generally recover in 2-3 weeks |
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Term
| Vesicular Stomatitis Treatment |
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Definition
| Supportive, anti-inflammatories, AB |
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Term
| Vesicular Stomatitis Prevention |
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Definition
Eliminated from US, appears to return approx every 7-10 years
Outbreaks from Mexico |
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Term
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Definition
AKA Strangles/Distemper
Morbidity approaches 100%
Mortality 5% |
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Term
| Streptococcus Equi Clinical Signs |
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Definition
| Fever, mucopurluent nasal discharge, swollen lymph nodes (risk of abscessing), choking |
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Term
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Definition
Abscesses spread to areas of body other than pharynx area, especially abdomen
Acute deaths upon rupture |
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Term
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Definition
| Immune mediated disease, swelling of limbs |
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Term
| Streptococcus Equi Transmission |
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Definition
| Direct or indirect contact with purulent material, fomites |
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Term
| Streptococcus Equi Diagnosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Streptococcus Equi Treatment |
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Definition
| Rest, anti-inflammatory, hot packs, soft feed, antibiotics |
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Term
| Streptococcus Equi Prevention |
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Definition
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Term
| Streptococcus Zooepidemicus |
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Definition
Another strain of strep
CS similar to equi but much milder
Dx similar to equi
Treatment similar to equi |
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Term
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Definition
Clostridium tetani
Anaerobic bacteria, spore forming
Mortality 80% |
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Term
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Definition
Bacteria in soil introduced through pucture wound
Wound seals, anaerobic bacteria remains local but produces toxin
Toxin spreads throughout nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
Stiffness, often see initially masseter muscles, neck, hindlimbs
Paralysis eventual outcome |
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Term
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Definition
| Pen G, flush wound (aerate) antitoxin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Clostridium botulinum
Anaerobic bacteria that also produces toxin-neurotoxin |
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Term
| 3 Clinical Forms of Botulism Seen in Horses |
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Definition
Shaker foal syndrome
Forage poisoning
Wound botulism |
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Term
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Definition
Foal eats bacteria from soil (spores)
Bacteria develop and produce toxin in intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| Ingest pre-formed toxin from plant material |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria enters puncture wound |
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Term
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Definition
| Dysphagia, recumbancy, muscle tremors, ataxia, aspiration pneumonia, loss of tongue and tail tone (opposite of tetanus) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Bacteria that causes lung abscesses
Pneumonia primarily in foals 2-6 months old
Normally located in soil
Morbidity 90% |
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Term
| Rhodococcus Equi Transmission |
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Definition
| Inhalation of dust containing microorganisms |
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Term
| Rhodococcus Equi Clinical Signs |
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Definition
Coughing, fever, depression
Often BAR |
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Term
| Rhodococcus Equi Diagnosis |
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Definition
| Trans-tracheal wash, CS, Rads |
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Term
| Rhodococcus Equi Treatment |
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Definition
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Term
| Rhodococcus Equi Prevention |
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Definition
Good hygiene, tends to be a "build up" problem on breeding farms
No vaccine available |
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Term
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Definition
Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in adult horses
Bacteria
Zoonotic |
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Term
| Salmonella Typhimurium Transmission |
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Definition
Bacteria spreads through feces, fecal contamination
Horses are probably carriers intermitten shedders - stress association |
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Term
| Salmonella Typhimurium Clinical Signs |
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Definition
| Severe watery diarrhea, fever, dehydration, depression, "colic signs" |
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Term
| Salmonella Typhimurium Diagnosis |
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Definition
| Multiple cultures (3-5 needed) take on a daily bases, several grams of feces, transport in lab specific media |
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Term
| Salmonella Typhimurium Treatment |
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Definition
| Antibiotics, IV fluid banamine, GI protectants |
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Term
| Salmonella Typhimurium Prevention |
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Definition
| Commonly associated with hospitals |
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Term
| Potomac Valley Horse Fever |
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Definition
AKA erlichial colitis or monocytic erlichosis
Erlichia risticii suspect arthropod vector for transmission
Potomac Valley in Maryland |
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Term
| Potomac Valley Horse Fever Clinical Signs |
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Definition
Profuse watery diarrhea (60%), injected mm, colic, laminitis, fever, depression
Mortality 5-30%, lots die secondary to laminitis |
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Term
| Potomac Valley Horse Fever Diagnosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Potomac Valley Horse Fever Treatment |
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Definition
| Antibiotics, nursing care, supportive treatment |
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Term
| Potomac Valley Horse Fever Prevention |
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Definition
Vaccination
Try to eliminate vectors (difficult since vector unkown) |
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Term
| Contagious Equine Metritis |
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Definition
AKA CEM
Highly contagious venereal disease caused by Taylorella equigenitalis |
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Term
| Contagious Equine Metritis Transmission |
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Definition
| Venereal, or fomites (vaginal speculums, etc) |
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Term
| Contagious Equine Metritis Clinical Signs |
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Definition
Mucopurulent vaginal discharge, early return to estrus after breeding
Stallions and chronic carrier mares often show no CS |
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Term
| Contagious Equine Metritis Diagnosis |
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Definition
| Culture MO from uterine/urthreal swab (stallions require 3x for designation of clear) |
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Term
| Contagious Equine Metritis Treatment |
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Definition
Clean penis, urethra with chlorohexidine solution
Apply local nitrofusacin ointment |
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Term
| Contagious Equine Metritis Prevention |
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Definition
| Strict import regulations |
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