Term
|
Definition
| Degree to which individuals or groups differ in their ability to access awards |
|
|
Term
| 3 general categories of rewards |
|
Definition
1)Wealth
2)Power
3)Prestige |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most people have access to most resources and rewards
-no individual is allowed to get too "big" |
|
|
Term
| 3 reasons rewards are evenly distributed (egalitarian) |
|
Definition
1)Mobility
2)Reciprocal Sharing
3)Nomadism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unequal division b/w members
-Division usually based on factors such as family + inherited social positions
-few high ranking officials
-tittles or offices tend to be hereditary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
marked differences in access to rewards
-controlled by few people
-beliefs about possibilities of social mobility vary
-class vs caste |
|
|
Term
| 2 distinguishing characteristics of stratified societies |
|
Definition
1)marked inequalities b/w people in access to all three kinds of rewards
2)Inequality based on unequal access to resources |
|
|
Term
| 2 diffs b/w class and caste |
|
Definition
1)castes are endogamous
2)castes have powerful norms or laws regulation social relations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-occupation
-lifestyle
-access to education
-social networks
-wealth |
|
|
Term
| advantages of using wealth to determine class |
|
Definition
-more measurable
-best indicator of benefits received from citizenship |
|
|
Term
| Maintaining Inequality: Prehistoric |
|
Definition
inequality rises from:
----intensive agriculture
----control over scarce resources
----large scale cooperation
----conquest of warfare |
|
|
Term
| Inequality: pre-industrial |
|
Definition
-Military force
-use of force to control + maintain controlled by elite
-Upper class tries to change the perceptions of the lower classes:
----god's will
----elites benefit entire society
----social mobility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ideas/beliefs that legitimize the reinforced inequalities in stratified societies
-typically based on religion in non-industrials |
|
|
Term
| 2 essential features of ideologies |
|
Definition
1)Reinforce inequalities by affecting peoples consciousness not threating physical coercion
2)Believable to large numbers of people based on existing cultural knowledge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ideology NOT based on religion or supernatural powers (modern societies) |
|
|
Term
| 2 Theories of inequalities |
|
Definition
1) Functionalists
-inequality necessary to motivate
2)Conflict
-Inequality based on control over productive resources |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Social organization based on age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Social organization in which individuals remain permanently attached (EX: class of 2010) |
|
|
