Term
| What are some reasons to study Reaction Time? |
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Definition
Get information about information processing activities of the brain, shows how different processing components are organized.
Critical for performance models used in Human Interface Design.
Used to quantify the margin of safety in complex tasks
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Term
| What are the two steps to RT, and what is this similar to? What influenes aggregation of information |
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Definition
Similar to SDT (signal detection theory)
aggregate evidence
Respond
Modality and intensity tend to influence aggregation of info |
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Term
| What is temporal uncertainty in relation to Response? |
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Definition
–Temporal uncertainty (of when stimulus occurs:
longer, inconsistent Warning Intervalà slower RT) |
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Term
| Describe Donders Method of Subtractive Logic, an RT method to decompose stages of information processing. |
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Definition
Different mental processes that occur
between the perception of a stimulus and action can be
isolated by subtracting increasingly complex RT tasks from each
other.
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Term
| In Subtractive Logic Test, what is a Simple RT, a Disjunctive RT, and a Choice RT? |
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Definition
Simple RT: Press button A when you see a diamond.
Disjunctive: Press button A if you see diamond (only)
Choice: Press button A if you see diamond; press button B if you see square. |
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Term
| Using subtractive logic, how do you get final RT for isolated tasks? |
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Definition
Stimulus Categorization = disjunctive -simple RT
simple RTsimple RT
stimulus categorization
Response Selection = choice -disjunctive RT
simple RTsimple RT
stimulus categorizationstimulus categorization
response selection
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Term
| What do you need to consider for Subtractive logic? |
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Definition
Is the assumption of “pure insertion” accurate?
or
Does stage deletion influence other stages?
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Term
What are the important features of Saul Sternberg's Additive Factors Logic (better than Donder's Method).
What are the important assumptions and what does this mean? |
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Definition
1. No stage deletion is necessary
2. Converging operations used to define stages
1. RT = Sum of Discrete Stages
2. Info is passed from one stage to the next only when it is completely processed.
If two variables have independent effects on performance (impact of one doesn’t depend on the other), assume the two vars influence different stages of processing (e.g., stimulus categorization and response). If they do interact (impact of one depends on the other) evidence that the two variables influence the same stage of processing.
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Term
| In Information Theory, Information is what and what does it depend on? |
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Definition
Info=Reduction in Uncertainty
Depends on:
1. Number of Alternatives to consider
2. Probability of Alterntatives
3. Sequential Constraints: given context, an event can be highly predictable, and thus less informative |
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Term
| What does Hick/Hyman Law show about RT related to number of alternatives (N) versus probability of each alternative? |
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Definition
RT slows as a linear function of number of bits of information.
RT slows as a as probability of event decreases |
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Term
| What does Speed/Accuracy tradeoff graph show? |
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Definition
| There is a tradeoff in accuracy for speed of response |
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Term
| Unlike information theory suggests, wha else does RT depend on? (6 things) |
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Definition
1. Stimulus Discriminability:less discriminable = slower RT
2. Response Confusability: more confusable,complex = slower RT
3. Repetition Effect: faster RT with S-R repetition. Works best with larger Number of Events.
4. Practice Effects: in Hick/Hyman law, (RT = a + bH), b is reduced by practice
5. Executive Control: changing rule that assosicates stimulus and response = slowed RT
6. Spatial Arrangement of COntrols and displays: Compatible mappings = Faster RT |
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Term
What is location compatability of S-R compatability?
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Definition
1. Co-location (like a stove which has knobs next to each corresponding burner), not always possible
2. Congruence: placement of controls in a "ARRAY" which matches the array of the corresponding components.
If congruence not possible, either,
use visual cues to map stimuli to responses (a stove with lines pointed form burner to knob)
but these don't help with compatible displays and HINDER incompatible bc of additional clutter
3. Movement Compatability: control movement should match display movement |
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Term
| What is the Warwick Principle? |
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Definition
closest part of the moving element
of a control should move in the same direction
as the closest part of the moving element
of a display (movement proximity).
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Term
| What is the Ideomotor Compatability? |
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Definition
| stimulus matches the sensory feedback produced by the response (visual = motor, auditory = speech) |
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Term
| What is the Population Sterotype |
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Definition
Contro/display relations based on experience
Light switch: up=on in US
up=off in Britain |
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