Term
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Definition
1)Epithelial Tissue
2)Connective Tissue
3)Muscle Tissue
4)Nerve Tissue |
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Term
| General Features of Epithelia (5) |
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Definition
1)Line all the surfaces of the body
a)Epithelia have a free (apical) surface
2)The cells are contiguous
a)Very little extracellular space
b)Cohesive and barrier properties associated with junctional complexes/adhesion molecules
3)Epithelia are avascular
a)No direct blood or lymphatic supply
4)The cells are polarized
a)Apical surface - lumen
b)Basal surface - basement membrane
c)Lateral surface
5)Epithelia rest on a basement membrane 6)Derived from all 3 embryonic germ layers
a)Ectoderm- skin
b)Endoderm- epithelia GI and respiratory tracts
c)Mesoderm- lining of peritoneum,
pericardium, pleural cavities |
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Term
| Functions of Epithelia (6) |
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Definition
1)Protection
2)Surface transport
3)Absorption
4)Secretion
5)Sensory reception
6)Transepithelial transport |
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Term
| Epithelial Classification System* (3) |
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Definition
1)Number Of Cell Layers
a)Simple: one layer
b)Stratified: two or more layers
2)Shape Of Cells In Most Apical Layer
a)Squamous
b)Cuboidal
c)Columnar
3)Apical Surface Specialization
a)Cilia-motile component that sweeps mucous, surface transport
b)Microvilli/Stereocilia-increase surface area-absorption
c)Keratin-prevents water loss, only in skin
* Classification is done in sections cut apical to basal |
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Term
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Definition
1)Simple Epithelia
a)Simple Squamous
b)Simple Cuboidal
c)Simple Columnar
d)Pseudostratified Columnar-respiratory epithelium
2)Stratified Epithelia
a)Stratified Squamous
b)Stratified Cuboidal
c)Stratified Columnar
d)Transitional-can change name and properties. |
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Term
| Simple Squamous Epithelium |
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Definition
1)Flattened cells
2)Found lining surfaces involved in passive transport of gases or fluids
a)Lungs
b)Blood vessels (endothelium)
c)Peritoneum, pleura, and pericardium (mesothelium) |
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Term
| Simple Cuboidal Epithelium |
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Definition
1)Cells are ~ square in section, i.e., width = height - cuboidal
2)Round nucleus
3)Distribution
a)Lining kidney tubules
b)Thyroid
c)Excretory ducts of many glands |
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Term
| Simple Columbar Epithelium |
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Definition
1)Cells are taller than wide- columnar
2)Nucleus oval
3)Distribution
a)Intestine
b)Gall bladder
c)Large bile duct |
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Term
| Pseudostratified Epithelium |
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Definition
1)Appear to have multiple layers of nuclei
2)All cells attached to basement membrane, but do not reach surface (apical side)
3)Most common place where to be found is trachea |
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Term
| Straified Squamous Epithelium |
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Definition
1)Multiple layers of cells
2)Apical layer is squamous
3)Cells in basal most layer are mitotic
4)Non-keratinized lines passageways
a)Esophagus
b)Vagina
4)Keratinized
a)Skin |
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Term
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Definition
1)Multiple layers of cells
2)Apical cells cuboidal
3)Found
a)Ducts sweat glands
b)Large glandular ducts |
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Term
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Definition
1)Multiple layers of cells
2)Apical cells columnar
3)Distribution:
a)Large glandular ducts |
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Term
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Definition
1)Restricted to urinary system
2)Varies in appearance depending on whether it is contracted or expanded
3)Apical cells are dome shape |
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Term
| Epithelial Specializations |
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Definition
1)Apical Domain
a)Cilia
b)Microvilli, Stereocilia
c)Keratin
2)Lateral Domain
a)Zonula occludens
b)Zonula adherens
c)Macula adherens (desmosome)
d)Gap junctions
3)Basal Domain
a)Basement membrane
b)Hemidesmosomes |
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Term
Cell Junctions
mnemonic: Towering Assholes Dump Giant Heaps (Apical to Basal) |
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Definition
1)Occluding Junctions: Cell-Cell
a)Tight Junctions
2)Anchoring Junctions: Cell-Cell
a)Adherens Junctions: Actin Attachment Sites
b)Desmosomes: Intermediate Filament Attachment Sites
3)Anchoring Junctions: Cell-Matrix
a)Focal Adhesions: Actin Attachment Sites
b)Hemidesmosomes: Intermediate Filament c)Attachment Sites
4)Communicating Junctions : Cell-Cell
a)Gap Junctions |
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Term
| Occluding/Tight Junctions |
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Definition
1)Form a selective permeability barrier-intercellular diffusion barrier
2)Define apical versus basolateral domains of the plasma membrane
3)Most apical component of junctional complex
4)Network of anastomosing strands where adjacent plasma membranes come together to seal intracellular space
5)Seal can be ***selectively altered to allow passage of water and electrolytes- number strands and molecular composition
6)Major Components
a)Occludins
b)Claudins
c)JAMs
7)Z O-1,2,3 are major cytoplasmic linkers |
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Term
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Definition
1)Zonula Adherens is an adhesion belt
a)Lateral adhesion between epithelial cells
***2)Interacts with actin cytoskeleton
***a)Catenin, vinculin
3)CAMs mediate adhesion between epithelial cells
***a)Cadherins
b)Selectins, Integrins, Ig-superfamily |
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Term
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Definition
1)Spot-attachment between adjacent cells
2)Link to *intermediate filament in cytoplasm
3)Intercellular Linkage
a)*Desmocollin
b)*Desmoglein
4)Attachment Plaque- Intracellular
a)*Desmoplakins and plakoglobins components capable of binding intermediate filaments
b)Intercellular link proteins loop through |
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Term
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Definition
1)Communicating Junctions
2)Direct passage of signaling molecules between cells
3)Connexons on adjacent cells align and dock forming a channel
4)Connexins
a)6 subunits on each plasma membrane therefore 12 connexins per connexon
b)At least 21 members of family
c)Homotypic versus heterotypic assembly |
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Term
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Definition
1)*Cell-Matrix Attachment
2)*Spot attachment
3)*Structurally looks like half-desmosome, but compositionally and functionally unique
4)Interactions with *intermediate filaments
5)Anchors cytoplasmic intermediate filaments with extracellular matrix
a)*Integrins (α64) and *Type XVII collagen (Integral Membrane)
b)Interact with *type IV collagen, laminin and proteoglycans in basement membrane
c)*Desmoplakin-like proteins are cytoplasmic links |
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Term
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Definition
1)Single cells or groups of cells specialized for secretion
2)Two types of glands
a)Endocrine: lack ducts
b)Exocrine: Secrete into ducts
Continuous with surface epithelium
c)Epithelial derived |
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Term
| Exocrine Gland Classification |
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Definition
1)The Number of Cells
-Unicellular (think intestinal goblet cells) or Multicellular
2)Structural Organization
a)The Secretory Portion
-Tubular, Acinar, Tubuloacinar
-Unbranched, branched, coiled
b)The Duct System
-Simple or Compound (branched)
3)The Type of Secretion (leave for GI section)
-Mucous, Serous or Mixed
4)The Mode of Secretion
-Merocrine, Apocrine or Holocrin |
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Term
| Multicellular Exocrine Glands |
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Definition
1)SIMPLE: Single Duct (think sweat glands)
a)Simple Tubular
b)Simple Coiled Tubular
c)Simple Branched Tubular
d)Simple Alveolar (Acinar)
e)Simple Branched Alveolar (Acinar)
2)COMPOUND: Multiple Ducts (think salivary glands)
a)Compound Alveolar (Acinar) |
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Term
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Definition
| Mucous, like fat, doesn't show up on path slides. |
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