Term
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Definition
- the study of the occurence, distribution, and determinants of health and disease in a population
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Term
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Definition
| constantly present within a population at low levels |
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Term
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Definition
| simultaneous infection of large numbers in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| very widespread disease, often worldwide |
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Term
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Definition
| the organism invades and colonizes the host |
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Term
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Definition
| the time between infection and onset of symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| the disease is at its height |
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Term
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Definition
| disease symptoms are subsiding |
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Term
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Definition
| patient regains strength and returns to normal |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of new cases in a time period |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of total cases, new and existing |
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Term
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Definition
| the incidence of death in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| the incidence of disease including fatal and nonfatal diseases |
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Term
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Definition
- a site in which infectious agents remain viable and from which infection of individuals can occur
- can be human, animal, or environmental
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Term
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Definition
- any disease that primarily infects animals but is occansionally transmitted to humans
- control of this may not eliminate the disease as a potential public health problem
- have have complex life cycles involving an obligate transfer from nonhuman to human and back to nonhuman host
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Term
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Definition
- geographic data (epidemic centers)
- climatic data
- social data (social activity, drug use, ect)
- demographic data (age, gender, ect)
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Term
| Direct host-to-host transmission |
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Definition
| infected individual transmits a disease directly to a susceptible host without the assistance of an intermediary (flu, common cold, STDs, ring worm) |
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Term
| Indirect host-to-host transmission |
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Definition
| occurs when transmission is facilitated by a living or nonliving agent |
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Term
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Definition
| living agents that transmit disease |
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Term
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Definition
| nonliving agents that transmit disease (bedding, toys, cash, surgical instruments) |
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Term
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Definition
- arises from contamination of water or food
- is a very rapid increase than drops off
- people aquire disease at the same time but does not spread
- Ex: Cholera
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Term
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Definition
- the disease shows a slow, progressive rise and a gradual decline
- people pass it on to one another
- Ex: influenza
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Term
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Definition
- the resistance of a group to infection due to immunity of a high proportion of the group
- If one person is infected and 60-70% are immune the disease can only spread to the susceptible
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Term
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Definition
- result from an infectious agent aquired at a health care facility
- are about 1,700,000 per year in the U.S.
- aquired from patients or caused by pathogens
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Term
| Why do people get HealthCare-Associated Infections? |
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Definition
- low resistance to the infectious disease
- the facilities treat infectious disease patients
- multiple patients in the same room and personnel move from patient to patient
- infants are susceptible
- surgical procedures expose organs to contamination
- use of antibiotics has caused antibiotic-resistant organisms
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