Term
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Definition
| study of the spread and maintenance of disease in populations |
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Term
| What questions does epidemiology answer? |
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Definition
| who becomes infected, what pathogens are involved?, where are the pathogens coming from?, when do the diseases occur?, why do they occur?, how are pathogens transmitted? |
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Term
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Definition
| person-to-person transmission |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Incidence or morbidity rate |
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Definition
| number of new cases in a defined population over a specific period |
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Term
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Definition
| number of deaths in a defined population over a specific period |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| always present in the population of a particular geographic area |
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Term
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Definition
| a greater than usual number of cases in a particular geographic region, usually within a short time span |
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Term
| How are epidemics identified? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the trend of the number of cases in an epidemic? |
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Definition
| increase to a maximum then rapidly drop off |
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Term
| Where do epidemics occur? |
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Definition
| unexposed (naiive) populations |
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Term
| What constitutes an epidemic in a hospital? |
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Definition
| a small number of patients infected |
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Term
| What is the story of John Snow? |
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Definition
| there was a cholora epidemic (500 dead). He observed clusters of cases around awater pump. He ordered for the water pump handle to be removed and the epidemic stopped. |
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Term
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Definition
| Legionella pheumophila, 220 hospitalized, 34 deaths |
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Term
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Definition
| 500 cases of diarrhea and 45 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome |
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Term
| what is a pandemic disease |
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Definition
| Occurs in epidemic proportions in many countries simultaneously |
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Term
| What are examples of pandemic diseases? |
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Definition
| Influenza A, HIV, TB, Malaria |
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Term
| What are the factors that affect the abilities of pathogens? 3 thingss |
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Definition
| virulence (how well it can infect), portal of entry, and infectious dose (how many bugs to get symptoms) |
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Term
| What host factors affect if bugs can pop on in? 3 |
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Definition
| health status, nutritional status, age/lifestyle/behavioral |
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Term
| What environmental factors affect bugs being able to affect things? |
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Definition
| geography/climate/seasons, availability of reservoirs, intermediate hosts, sanitation, portable water |
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Term
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Definition
| any site where the pathogen may multiply or survive until it is transferred to a host |
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Term
| Pathogens: on humans: passive |
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Definition
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Term
| Pathogens: on humans: Incubatory |
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Definition
| have it, but dont show symptoms |
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Term
| Pathogens: on humans: convalescent |
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Definition
| could still be infecting other people |
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Term
| Pathogens: on humans: active |
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Definition
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Term
| What other two organisms besides humans can carry pathogens? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the nonliving reservoirs of infection? 6 |
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Definition
| air, soil, dust, food, water, vehicles |
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Term
| What are the modes of transmission of infection? 5 |
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Definition
| contact, airborne,droplet, vehicular, vectors |
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Term
| What are 7 ways that communicable diseases can be transferred? |
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Definition
| skin-to-skin contact, mucous membrane to mucous membrane contact, airborne droplets of respiratory secretion, fecal contamination of food/water, arthropod vectors, formites, transfer of blood/body fluids |
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Term
| What is our example of WHO? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| promotes international cooperation, control, and eradicates diseases |
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Term
| What two things did the WHO eliminate? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did we eliminate polio? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is America's disease monitoring agency and another agency name that is included in it? |
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Definition
| CDC (federal agency) National center for infectious diseases |
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Term
| What does the CDC publish weekly? |
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Definition
| the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |
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